Heterogeneity in longitudinal trajectories of cognitive performance among middle-aged and older individuals with hypertension: Growth mixture modeling across an 8-year cohort study

Zhang, Baiyang; Jiang, Shuang

doi:10.1038/s41440-021-00829-5

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In the present study, we identified two groups of cognitive function trajectories over an 8-year follow-up in older people with cardiovascular diseases: "high and declining (73.1%)" and "low and declining (26.9%)" groups. This finding is similar to a prior study that classified episodic memory trajectories in older adults with hypertension over 7 years into two groups: "stable (78.1%)" and "decline (21.9%)" (Zhang & Jiang, 2022). Our result was also in line with another study that cognitive function trajectories in community-dwelling older adults aligned with stable (93.3%) and "sharp cognitive decline (6.7%)"…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Eight‐year trajectories and predictors of cognitive function in community‐dwelling Korean older adults with cardiovascular diseases

Son,

Kim,

Choi

et al. 2023

J of Nursing Scholarship

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PurposeThis study aims to identify longitudinal patterns and predictors of cognitive function trajectories among Korean older adults with cardiovascular diseases.DesignThis study is a longitudinal panel analysis based on secondary data. Data from the the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) were used for analysis.MethodsThe KLoSA is a representative panel survey of older Koreans. We analyzed responses from 301 participants aged ≥65 years who completed the same survey more than three times out of five waves between 2012 and 2020.FindingsLatent class growth modeling identified two trajectories of cognitive function in older people with cardiovascular diseases: “low and declining” (n = 81, 26.9%) and “high and declining” (n = 220, 73.1%). Participants in “the low and declining trajectory group” were more likely to have a low educational level, weak handgrip strength, depression, and low social participation at baseline than those in “the high and declining trajectory group.”ConclusionsOur results indicate a need to develop community‐based tailored interventions for improving handgrip strength, mental health, and social participation in delaying cognitive decline in older people with cardiovascular diseases considering their educational level.Clinical RelevanceHealthcare providers should be more concerned about older people with a weaker handgrip, depression, and low social activities as a high‐risk group for cognitive decline over time in cardiovascular care. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate them early with standardized tools and make subsequent strategies for the older population with cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Eight‐year trajectories and predictors of cognitive function in community‐dwelling Korean older adults with cardiovascular diseases

Son,

Kim,

Choi

et al. 2023

J of Nursing Scholarship

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“…Following previous studies using CHARLS data [14,17], cognitive function was operationalized along two dimensions: mental intactness and episodic memory. Mental intactness was assessed with selected items of the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS) battery designed to capture the cognitive state and screen for cognitive impairment of individuals [18]. Specifically, contents of the mental intactness assessment included stating current date (month, day, and year), the day of the week, the season of the year, a picture redrawing test, and serial subtracting 7 from 100 (5 times).…”

Section: Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of cognitive function among people aged 45 years and older living with diabetes in China: Results from a nationally representative longitudinal study (2011~2018)

Chen,

Ling,

Zhou

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Objectives Diabetes is associated with decline of cognitive function. Exploring different trajectories of cognitive function occurring in people with diabetes is important to improved prognosis. This study aimed to investigate differential patterns of trajectories of cognitive function and baseline determinants of trajectory group membership utilizing data from middle-aged and older Chinese adults with diabetes. Methods Participants of the Chinese Health And Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) aged 45 years and above received biennial assessments between 2011 and 2018. The primary outcome was overall cognitive function score operationalized as sum of mental intactness and episodic memory scores derived from the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS). A weighted growth mixture model was used to estimate cognitive function trajectories of CHARLS participants with diabetes, and baseline factors associated with trajectory group membership were investigated with weighted multinomial logistic regression. Results Data from 1,463 participants with diabetes aged 45 years and above were analyzed, a three-group trajectory model showed the best fit for overall cognitive scores: low baseline, linear declining (22.1%); moderate baseline, linear declining (37.5%) and high-stable (40.3%). Older participants, females, participants with low education, with nighttime sleep <6 h, without daytime napping habits, and with depressive symptoms were at a higher risk of unfavorable cognitive function trajectories. Conclusions We identified heterogeneous trajectories of cognitive function among middle-aged and older people living with diabetes in China. Socially vulnerable groups including females, rural residents, and those with low education were at a higher risk for unfavorable trajectories. In health programs aimed at preventing and mitigating cognitive decline in individuals with diabetes more attention should be given to vulnerable groups. Reduced nighttime sleep, lack of daytime napping, and depressive symptoms appear to be modifiable risk factors.

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“…The dynamic mutualism theory posits that the inverse relations between anxiety and cognitive dysfunction constructs occur between and within persons over time. Moreover, data reliably showed diversity in the trajectories of anxiety and EF constructs [ 62 ], underscoring the importance of studying within- and between-person levels and changes in these variables over time.…”

Section: Dynamic Mutualism Theory Of Ef- and Anxiety-related Constructsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Functioning Constructs in Anxiety, Obsessive–Compulsive, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Related Disorders

Zainal

Newman

2022

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Purpose of Review We synthesize theories proposing complex relations between cognitive functioning and anxiety-related concepts. We evaluate vulnerability theories suggesting that deficits in various cognitive functioning domains predict future anxiety-associated concepts. We examine scar theories asserting the opposite direction of effects (i.e., anxiety predicting cognitive dysfunction). Furthermore, we examine more novel frameworks on this topic. Recent Findings Reliable evidence exists for the scar and vulnerability theories. This includes mounting data on diverse anxiety symptoms predicting cognitive dysfunction (and conversely) unfolding at between- and within-person levels (dynamic mutualism theory). It also includes data on the stronger effects or central influence of anxiety (versus non-anxiety) symptoms on executive functioning (EF; i.e., higher-order cognitive control governing myriad thinking and action repertoires) versus non-EF domains and vice versa (network theory). In addition, it reviews emerging evidence that enhanced cognitive control can correlate with higher anxiety among children (overgeneralized control theory). Summary The generally inverse relations between anxiety symptoms and cognitive dysfunction are bidirectional and complex within and between persons. Plausible mediators and moderators merit more attention, including immune, metabolism, and neural markers and the social determinants of health.

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Heterogeneity in longitudinal trajectories of cognitive performance among middle-aged and older individuals with hypertension: Growth mixture modeling across an 8-year cohort study

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Eight‐year trajectories and predictors of cognitive function in community‐dwelling Korean older adults with cardiovascular diseases

Eight‐year trajectories and predictors of cognitive function in community‐dwelling Korean older adults with cardiovascular diseases

Trajectories of cognitive function among people aged 45 years and older living with diabetes in China: Results from a nationally representative longitudinal study (2011~2018)

Executive Functioning Constructs in Anxiety, Obsessive–Compulsive, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Related Disorders

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