Heterogeneity of the genome ancestry of individuals classified as White in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Marrero, Andrea Rita; Leite, Fabio Pereira das Neves; Carvalho, Bianca De Almeida; Peres, Leandro Martins; Kommers, Trícia; Cruz, Ivana Beatrice Mânica da; Salzano, Francisco M.; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Júnior, Wilson Araújo da Silva; Bortolini, María Cátira

doi:10.1002/ajhb.20404

Cited by 94 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In our study, the admixture estimate for the White sample was 0.89 ± 0.01 European, 0.06 ± 0.01 African and 0.05 ± 0.01 Amerindian. As shown in Table 2, the high European component is similar to that found in the Brazilian Y-chromosome study carried out by Carvalho-Silva et al (2001) and in the study by Marrero et al (2005) who investigated a population sample from the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul which has a predominantly White population, but greater than that verified with HLA polymorphisms (Probst et al, 2000). Ethnic admixture based on five Y-STR loci in the present study showed a high predominance of the European component in the White and Mulatto samples.…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

Y-STR diversity and ethnic admixture in White and Mulatto Brazilian population samples

et al. 2006

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We investigated 50 Mulatto and 120 White Brazilians for the Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) markers (DYS19, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393) and found 79 different haplotypes in the White and 35 in the Mulatto sample. Admixture estimates based on allele frequencies showed that the admixture of the white sample was 89% European, 6% African and 5% Amerindian while the Mulatto sample was 93% European and 7% African. Results were consistent with historical records of the directional mating between European males and Amerindian or African females. The Brazilian population is a result of interethnic crosses of Europeans, Africans and Amerindians, and is one of the most heterogeneous populations in the world. When the first European colonizers arrived (1500 AD), 1-5 million Amerindians already lived in the region that now is known as Brazil (Salzano and Callegari-Jacques, 1988). Before 1820, European colonization was almost exclusively composed of Portuguese while between 1820 and 1975 the great majority of immigrants were from Portugal and Italy, followed by a small number by people from Spain, Germany, Syria and Japan . Between the 16 th and 19th centuries approximately 3.5 million Africans were brought as slaves to Brazil, coming mainly from West, West-Central and Southeast Africa (Curtin, 1969). The colonization of Brazil involved mostly European men, many of whom produced children with Amerindian and African females.Although the classification of races is wrong from genetic standpoint (Templeton, 1998), Brazilians are classified for census purposes based on color. According to the last Brazilian government census of the 170 million Brazilians, 84 million were males, of which 52% were White, 39% were Brown, 6% were Black and 3% were classified in other categories (IBGE, 2000). Mulatto is the term commonly used in Brazil to designate the offspring result from the union of White and Black people. We used five Ychromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) markers, recognized as good markers for population studies, to investigate genetic polymorphism and ethnic admixture in White and Mulatto Brazilian population samples.We investigated 170 healthy, unrelated, individuals seeking paternity investigation at the Ribeirão Preto University Hospital, in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, Southeastern Brazil. The race of the individuals in the sample was determined based on their biomedical records, 120 individuals being White and 50 Mulatto, from Ribeirão Preto and the surrounding towns.We assessed the Y-STR loci DYS19, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393 (Kayser et al., 1997) using blood samples taken from the individuals in our sample, DNA being extracted by an adaptation of the protocol of Higuchi (1989). The PCR reactions were performed according to the conditions described by Kayser et al. (1997) and products separated using 10% denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining (Sanguinetti et al., 1994). Allele designations were determined by comparison of the sample f...

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confidence: 58%

Y-STR diversity and ethnic admixture in White and Mulatto Brazilian population samples

et al. 2006

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“…However, the patients' color distribution was the same as the one found by Parra et al, who analyzed skin color and genomic ancestry in Brazilians and found an European dominance in the south of Brazil (27). Germans and Italians are the main immigrant groups in Rio Grande do Sul, a southern Brazilian state (28). According to the last demographic census, 87.5% of the state population was classified as white, 5% as black, 7% as brown, 0.1% as Asian, and 0.4% as Amerindian; whereas in Brazil, 53.7% are white, 6.2% are black, 38.4% are brown, 0.4% are Asian, and 0.4% are Amerindians (IBGE Census 2000; http:// ibge.gov.br).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Androgen receptor CAG polymorphism and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a Brazilian population

et al. 2012

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“…We used only a Caucasian sample from Rio Grande do Sul. Genetic studies by Marrero et al (39) using seven γ-chromosome polymorphisms comparing 5 subjects classified as white from Veranópolis, a city with a large Italian descendant community, and other samples from different localities of Rio Grande do Sul showed differences in ethnic contribution. In the Veranópolis sample, almost all subjects presented European ancestry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The polymorphism of the serotonin-2A receptor T102C is associated with age

Jobim

Prado-Lima

Schwanke

et al. 2008

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Epidemiological investigations suggest that T102C polymorphism of gene 5-HT2A may be associated with mean life span because diseases and behaviors related to this polymorphism, such as schizophrenia, suicide, aggression, and addiction, may potentially shorten mean life span. A sample of 687 individuals without previous neuropsychiatric disease was genotyped and separated into 3 groups according to their gender and age: 14-45 years old, 46-64 years old and 65-100 years old. Molecular genotyping was performed using the technique of polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism using HpaII restriction enzyme. 5-HT2A genotype frequencies were: TT = 21.5% (148), CC = 16.6% (114) and TC = 61.9% (425) and allele frequencies were T = 52.5% and C = 46.5%. Significant differences were found between mean age of the TT genotype carriers (60.27 ± 12.60 years) and TC genotype carriers (56.80 ± 13.18 years) of T102C polymorphism of gene 5-HT2A (P = 0.026) as well as the age groups (P = 0.012). Carriers of genotype TT were older than the other two genotypes, whereas carriers of genotype CC had an intermediate age compared with TT and CC subjects. The present results demonstrate an association between T102C polymorphism of gene 5-HT2A and age. Our results suggest that T102C polymorphism of gene 5-HT2A is associated with mean life span, and thus this gene becomes a possible candidate for the group of adaptive genes to meat consumption proposed in the literature. Further studies should be conducted in order to elucidate this association.

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Heterogeneity of the genome ancestry of individuals classified as White in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Cited by 94 publications

References 27 publications

Y-STR diversity and ethnic admixture in White and Mulatto Brazilian population samples

Y-STR diversity and ethnic admixture in White and Mulatto Brazilian population samples

Androgen receptor CAG polymorphism and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a Brazilian population

The polymorphism of the serotonin-2A receptor T102C is associated with age

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