Heterogeneity of Tregs and the complexity in the IL-12 cytokine family signaling in driving T-cell immune responses in atherosclerotic vessels

Roles and Mechanisms of Interleukin-12 Family Members in Cardiovascular Diseases: Opportunities and Challenges

“…Just as Table 4. Although IL-12 family Fairweather et al, 2003;Yang et al, 2011;Nyland et al, 2012;Jenke et al, 2014;Kong et al, 2014;Hu et al, 2014;Zha et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2017;Miteva et al, 2017;Sesti-Costa et al, 2017;Ouyang et al, 2017;Xu et al, 2018 Zhou et al, 2001;Kempe et al, 2009;Correia et al, 2010;Lin et al, 2012;Khojasteh-Fard et al, 2012;Jin et al, 2012;Yong et al, 2013;Chistiakov et al, 2015;Abbas et al, 2015;A Shahi et al, 2015;Zykov et al, 2016;Opstad et al, 2016;Zhu et al, 2018;Rasa et al, 2018; Lee et al, 1999;Davenport and Tipping, 2003;Hauer et al, 2005;Koltsova et al, 2012;Hirase et al, 2013;Subramanian et al, 2015;Kan et al, 2016;Tao et al, 2016;Engelbertsen et al, 2018;Fatkhullina et al, 2018;Ryu et al, 2018;Huang et al, 2019;Huang et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2019;Jia et...…”

“…Previous studies reported that plasma IL-12 concentrations are significantly increased in many types of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including stable angina pectoris (SAP), non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and gradually increased SAP, unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and AMI (Zhou et al, 2001;Correia et al, 2010;Lin et al, 2012;Yong et al, 2013;Chistiakov et al, 2015;Opstad et al, 2016;Zykov et al, 2016). Clinical data showed that patients with coronary artery disease exhibit higher circulating IL-23 levels (Lin et al, 2012;Abbas et al, 2015;Sun et al, 2019a).…”

Inflammation: A Novel Therapeutic Target/Direction in Atherosclerosis

“…IL-12 deficiency in ApoE –/– mice was able to reduce atherosclerosis [69]. Administration of IL-12 significantly increased the size of atherosclerotic lesions [70]. In LDLr –/– mice, the IL-12 antibody resulted in a significant reduction of atherosclerotic lesion size [71].…”

ApoA1 and ApoA1-specific self-antibodies in cardiovascular disease

“…7,8 Regulatory T cells are atheroprotective. 9 Similarly, the presence of both pro-and anti-inflammatory subpopulations of dendritic cells (DCs) 10 and B cells 11 is described in the plaque. Indeed, detection of various key autoimmunity-associated mediators such as T cells, B cells, DCs, and self-antibodies may suggest for the occurrence of the autoimmune response in atherosclerosis.…”