Heterogeneous 3d Network-on-Chip Architectures: Area and Power Aware Design Techniques

Abstract

Three-dimensional Network-on-Chip (3D NoC) architectures have gained a lot of popularity to solve the on-chip communication delays of next generation System-on-Chip (SoC) systems. However, the vertical interconnects of 3D NoC are expensive and complex to manufacture. Also, 3D router architecture consumes more power and occupies more area per chip°oorplan compared to a 2D router. Hence, more e±cient architectures should be designed. In this paper, we propose area e±cient and low power 3D heterogeneous NoC architectures, which combines both the power and performance bene¯ts of 2D routers and 3D NoC-bus hybrid router architectures in 3D NoC architectures. Experimental results show a negligible penalty (less than 5%) in average packet latency of the proposed heterogeneous 3D NoC architectures compared to typical homogeneous 3D NoCs, while the heterogeneity provides power and area e±ciency of up to 61% and 19.7%, respectively.

An Analytical Channel Model for Emerging Wireless Networks-on-Chip

“…We compare with conventional channel model where signals are transmitted over pure air with no MAA (e.g. two-ray channel model in [20]) 2 .…”

“…5 that the total path loss in the conventional channel model is independent of the ambient pressure. However, the total path loss in the proposed channel 2 In our model, the parameterizable medium compositions consist of water vapour (which could also an effect of emerging liquid cooling technology), carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, ozone, molecular hydrogen, nitrous oxide, methane, dioxygen, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, acetylene, ethane, ethylene, methanol, hydrogen cyanide, chloromethane, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen chloride, chlorine monoxide, carbonyl sulfide, formaldehyde, hypochlorous acid, hydrogen peroxide, phosphine, carbonyl fluoride, sulfur hexafluoride, hydrogen sulfide, formic acid, hydroperoxyl radical, chlorine nitrate, nitrosonium ion, hypobromous acid, bromomethane, acetonitrile, carbon tetrafluoride, diacetylene, cyanoacetylene, carbon monosulfide, sulfur trioxide. 3 Note that 1atm = 101.325kPa 6, the total path loss of various channel models is plotted.…”

Extending the Performance of Hybrid NoCs beyond the Limitations of Network Heterogeneity

“…Based on the serialization methodology, Pasricha [36] proposed a 3D NoC synthesis framework; their approach adopt routers that have several local ports, which have high power consumption due to the increased number of ports and high data rates across the crossbar. On the other hand, existing inhomogeneous architectures (Figure 3a) [1,2,32,33,[37][38][39][40][41][42] do not consider the dynamics of application traffic load in their inhomogeneous architectures. Applications in such 3D NoCs are not optimized, as communication bandwidth and performance constraints of the applications were not considered in the architecture generation.…”

An Efficient 2D Router Architecture for Extending the Performance of Inhomogeneous 3D NoC-Based Multi-Core Architectures

“…1) [2], [22]- [25] however, do not consider the dynamics of application traffic load in their architectures generation. Applications in such 3D NoCs are not optimized as communication bandwidth and performance constraints of the applications were not considered in the architecture generation.…”

“…Moreover, Through Silicon Via (TSV) which has been accepted as a viable inter-layer wiring technique has a complex and expensive manufacturing process [1]. To optimize the performance and manufacturing cost of 3D NoCs with minimal distortion to the modularity, inhomogeneous architectures have been proposed to combine 2D and 3D routers in 3D NoCs [2]- [4]. Several inhomogeneous 3D architectures focusing on different NoC router architectures, minimal hopcount between 2D and 3D routers in each layer, and uniform distribution of 2D and 3D routers have been proposed [5].…”