“…Generally, sulfate radical (SO 4 •– ) could be effectively generated via activating PS, including peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO 5 – ) and peroxydisulfate (PDS, S 2 O 8 2– ), with the assistance of external energies (e.g., heat, − plasma, light, − electricity, , microwave, , and ultrasound , ) and/or homogeneous/heterogeneous , catalysts (e.g., metal , (such as Fe, − Co, ,, Cu, Mn, and Mo)-based, carbon − (such as graphene, carbon nanotube, , and char , )-based, and metal–carbon hybrid-based). Lin et al indicated that SO 4 •– stemming from PS might not be strictly claimed as a kind of reactive oxygen species (ROS), differently from the classical ROS (e.g., hydroxyl radical (HO • ), superoxide radical (O 2 •– ), and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 )) whose origins are molecular oxygen .…”