Heterogeneous catalytic conversion of glycerol to oxygenated fuel additives

Samoilov, Vadim O.; Ramazanov, D. N.; Nekhaev, A. I.; Maximov, A. L.; Bagdasarov, L. N.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.01.024

Cited by 50 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Likewise, the influence of additives such as solketal, h-GTBE, and solketal-tert-Butyl ether (obtained by etherification between solketal and TBA) in the anti-wear properties (ASTM D 2266-01) of a low viscosity hydrocarbon oil fraction has been also evaluated [97]. From these additives, the solketal exhibited the best anti-wear properties, improving them by 42%, in respect to the free-additive hydrocarbon oil.…”

Section: Blends Of Glycerol Ethers Additives and (Bio)fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives by Glycerol Etherification, Either with Isobutene or tert-Butyl Alcohol, over Heterogeneous Catalysts

et al. 2019

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Biodiesel production has considerably increased in recent decades, generating a surplus of crude glycerol, which is the main drawback for the economy of the process. To overcome this, many scientists have directed their efforts to transform glycerol, which has great potential as a platform molecule, into value-added products. A promising option is the preparation of oxygenate additives for fuel, in particular those obtained by the etherification reaction of glycerol with alcohols or olefins, mainly using heterogeneous catalysis. This review collects up-to-date research findings in the etherification of glycerol, either with isobutene (IB) or tert-Butyl alcohol (TBA), highlighting the best catalytic performances reported. Furthermore, the experimental sets employed for these reactions have been included in the present manuscript. Likewise, the characteristics of the glycerol ethers–(bio)fuel blends as well as their performances (e.g., quality of emissions, technical advantages or disadvantages, etc.) have been also compiled and discussed.

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Section: Blends Of Glycerol Ethers Additives and (Bio)fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives by Glycerol Etherification, Either with Isobutene or tert-Butyl Alcohol, over Heterogeneous Catalysts

et al. 2019

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“…It was shown by Samoilov et al [68] that the use of acetals reduces the contribution to air pollution from fuel combustion in engines. For example, the addition of solketal to gasoline increases the octane number and reduces gum formation.…”

Section: Acetals Derived From Glycerin As a New Oxygenated Fuel Additmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetalization Catalysts for Synthesis of Valuable Oxygenated Fuel Additives from Glycerol

2018

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Biodiesel is one of the most attractive sources of clean energy. It is produced by the transformation of vegetable oils with up to 10% formation of glycerol as a by-product. Therefore, development of new approaches for processing bio-glycerol into such value-added chemical compounds as solketals is necessary. Thus, various six- and five-membered cyclic compounds can be prepared by acetalization of glycerol with aldehyde or ketone. The resulting glycerol oxygenates are excellent fuel additives that increase viscosity, octane or cetane number, and stability to oxidation. In addition, these products significantly reduce carbon monoxide emissions from standard diesel fuel. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the glycerol valorization for the sustainable production of bio-additives. The review includes a discussion of the innovative and potential catalysts to produce solketals.

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“…Glycerol can be further hydrophobized by the production of glycerol monoether ketals and acetals.F or example, the ketalization of glycerolm ono-tert-butyle ther with acetone leads to the formation of solketal tert-butyl ether (STBE)asapotential additive for motorf uels. [51,52] Under the conditions of catalytic reduction,s olketal isopropyle ther (SIPE;( 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)isopropoxymethane), ac ompletely hydrophobized glycerold erivative, can be formed on the reduction of solketal as ar esult of ar edistributiono fa cetone. On this basis, we also studied its synthesis from glycerol monoisopropyle ther (m-GIPE) by ketalization with acetone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol Isopropyl Ethers: Direct Synthesis from Alcohols and Synthesis by the Reduction of Solketal

et al. 2017

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The catalytic reduction of solketal ((2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)methanol) over bifunctional heterogeneous palladium catalysts is proposed as an alternative to the synthesis of glycerol isopropyl ethers by the etherification of glycerol. The direct synthesis of glycerol isopropyl ethers from isopropanol and glycerol requires severe conditions (T=130–150 °C, p(H2)=20–35 bar) and a large excess of isopropanol to reach a considerable yield. The main reaction products in the catalytic reduction of solketal are glycerol mono‐ and di‐isopropyl ethers and solketal isopropyl ether. Solketal conversion over Al‐HMS‐supported palladium catalysts (T=120 °C and p(H2)=20 bar) affords a mixture of ethers with a high degree of conversion (87 %), 78 % selectivity, and excellent regioselectivity between isomeric ethers. Zeolite‐BEA‐supported palladium catalysts also exhibit high activity but much lower selectivity because of intense acetone aldol condensation. The effects of Si/Al ratios in BEA zeolites and Al‐HMS aluminosilicates and the amounts of supported palladium (1 and 2 wt %) on the properties of the catalysts at different reaction temperatures and hydrogen pressures are considered.

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Heterogeneous catalytic conversion of glycerol to oxygenated fuel additives

Cited by 50 publications

References 37 publications

An Overview of the Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives by Glycerol Etherification, Either with Isobutene or tert-Butyl Alcohol, over Heterogeneous Catalysts

An Overview of the Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives by Glycerol Etherification, Either with Isobutene or tert-Butyl Alcohol, over Heterogeneous Catalysts

Acetalization Catalysts for Synthesis of Valuable Oxygenated Fuel Additives from Glycerol

Glycerol Isopropyl Ethers: Direct Synthesis from Alcohols and Synthesis by the Reduction of Solketal

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