Heterogeneous multi-compartmental DNA hydrogel particles preparedviamicrofluidic assembly for lymphocyte-inspired precision medicine

Abstract

Heterogeneous multi-compartmental DNA hydrogel particles fabricated via microfluidic assembly were incorporated with a tandem DNA sequence logical circuit for precision medicine against cancers.

DNA-based nanostructures for RNA delivery

“…Various types of DNA hydrogels, including both conventional and bio-sensitive ones, have been developed to respond to different stimuli. By incorporating elements that can respond to stimuli, such as pH, miRNA, and enzymes like RNase H and other restriction endonucleases, the structure of the DNA in the hydrogel can be modulated, allowing for targeted release of RNA [ 94 ], [ 95 ], [ 96 , 98 , 99 ]. A recent study has developed a pH-responsive DNA nanogel for the delivery of mRNA into cells.…”

Recent advances in the microfluidic production of functional microcapsules by multiple-emulsion templating

“…For example, gel-in-gel microparticles were designed through two separate steps of core and shell production, where the core contained a specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence for sensing a cancer-associated micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) and the shell contained a DNA sequence for cancer treatment. 113 The DNA sequence in the core released an intermediate sequence when the target miRNAs were present. The DNA sequence in the shell responded to the intermediate sequence and released small interfering RNA (siRNA) to treat the cancer.…”

Injectable DNA Hydrogel-Based Local Drug Delivery and Immunotherapy

“…For example, Zhu et al used biodegradable PLGA to pre-encapsulate water-insoluble therapeutic agents and then mixed with Y-shaped and cross-linker DNA monomers to prepare DNA/PLGA hybrid hydrogels (HDNA), which could realize effective local release of water-insoluble therapeutic agents [ 59 ]. Chen et al constructed a core-shell hydrogel microsphere based on PEG and DNA sensing device using a microfluidic device [ 27 ]. The DNA sensing device in the outer layer triggers a cascade reaction involving the DNA sensing device in the core region after recognizing tumor-associated miRNA, thereby realizing tumor-specific siRNA delivery.…”

“…The resulting hydrogel was ultrasoft and injectable, and achieved tumor cell-targeted siRNA delivery. In addition, Chen et al synthesize novel multi-compartment DNA hydrogel particles for smart siRNA delivery to tumor cells [ 27 ]. The DNA sequence used to synthesize the hydrogel included two parts: the sensing sequence (D1) and the treatment sequence (D2).…”

“…Hybrid DNA hydrogels were usually constructed through DNA mediated cross-linking of other materials. At present, many biocompatible polymers including polyacrylamide, chitosan and PEG, had been introduced into hydrogels [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. In addition, nanoparticles such as liposomes [ 28 ], black phosphorus quantum dots [ 29 ], carbon dots [ 30 ], silica nanoparticles [ 31 ] and metal nanoparticles [ 32 ] have also been cross-linked with DNA to form hydrogels.…”