Heterogeneous Phase Alkylation of Phenols Making Use of Phase Transfer Catalysis and Microwave Irradiation

Kinetic study for benzyloxylation of p-bromotoluene using phase transfer catalyst assisted by microwave irradiation

“…The analyzed conditions were as follows: column, 30 m × 0.525 mm i.d. capillary column containing 100% poly (dimethyl siloxane); injection temperature is 250 °C; detector, flame ionization detector (300 °C).The obtained product was characterized by proton NMR (400 Hz), 13 CNMR (100 Hz), IR spectra and mass spectrometry and consistent with previous reports [26,27] . IR spectra ( …”

Microwave-Assisted Solid-Liquid Phase Alkylation of Naphthols

“…Another catalyst-free accomplishment was possible, when a combined MW and ultrasound irradiation enhanced the L-L phase alkylation [14]. The Keglevich group found that the PT catalytic alkylation of phenols may be synergistically enhanced by MW irradiation [15,16]. In the MW-assisted alkylation of phenols, the application of quaternary ammonium salts as the *Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary; Tel: +36-1-463-1111(5883); Fax: +36-1-463-3648; E-mail: gkeglevich@mail.bme.hu alkylating agent proved to be useful due to the good energy absorbing ability of these polar species [17].…”

The Use of MW in Organophosphorus Chemistry

“…This is shown on the example of the alkylation of 1-hydroxy-3-phospholene oxides 10 (Scheme 3.12, Table 3.3) [24,31]. During the alkylations, similarly to that of phenols, the combined application of MW irradiation and PTC was found to be synergistic [32,33].…”

“…In these variations, acetonitrile had to be used due to the heterogeneity of the reaction mixtures. The series of arylphosphonates (30), alkyldiphenylphosphinates (31) and diaryl-phenylphosphine oxides (33) The P-ligand-free approaches are environmentally-friendly as save costs and environmental burdens. Other MW-assisted variations of the Hirao-reaction were also described, but they applied P-ligands [46][47][48][49].…”