Heterogeneous Phase Microwave-Assisted Reactions under CO2 or CO Pressure

Gaudino, Emanuela Calcio; Rinaldi, Laura; Rotolo, Laura; Carnaroglio, Diego; Pirola, C.; Cravotto, Giancarlo

doi:10.3390/molecules21030253

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The benefits of MWs have been well documented in the literature (remarkable reaction time reduction, improved yields, and cleaner reactions than those performed under conventional thermal conditions) [28,29]. Furthermore, since Varma introduced solid catalysts to MW-assisted organic synthesis [30], a broad array of new heterogeneous catalytic applications have been reported [31,32]. Aiming to further increase the sustainability of the process, the search for safer reaction media has recently led to special attention being drawn towards bio-derived solvents [33], which fulfil the green chemistry principles of replacing hazardous solvents with environmentally benign ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Dehydrogenative Cross Coupling Reactions in γ-valerolactone with a Reusable Pd/β-cyclodextrin Crosslinked Catalyst

et al. 2019

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Transition-metal mediated C–H bond activation and functionalization is one of the most straightforward and powerful tools in modern organic synthetic chemistry. Oxidative C–H/C–H coupling reactions between two (hetero)arenes under heterogeneous catalysis may be a valuable means for the production of a plethora of bi(hetero)aryls, and one that adheres to the increasing demand for atom-economic and sustainable chemistry. We have therefore developed a reusable heterogeneous catalytic system, which is based on Pd cross-linked β-cyclodextrin, to perform an efficient microwave-assisted oxidative C–H/C–H cross coupling process between benzothiazoles and methyl thiophene in the presence of green solvents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Dehydrogenative Cross Coupling Reactions in γ-valerolactone with a Reusable Pd/β-cyclodextrin Crosslinked Catalyst

et al. 2019

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“…The chemist can now conduct the same reaction in minutes or seconds rather than spending an hour or even days synthesizing a single compound. [10] Carbonylation via microwave heating using CO Surrogate provides a green and inexpensive platform for carbonylative coupling reactions. The present study involves the application of carbonylative synthesis of various valuable products like carboxylic acid derivatives and heterocyclic compounds with medicinal properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It offers several benefits: reduced reaction time, improved selectivity, atom economy, and energy‐saving. The chemist can now conduct the same reaction in minutes or seconds rather than spending an hour or even days synthesizing a single compound [10] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Synthetic Application of Homogeneous, Heterogenised‐Homogeneous, and Microwave‐Assisted Catalytic Carbonylation of Selected Substrates

Pant,

Prakash,

Dhami

2024

ChemistrySelect

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Catalytic carbonylation has gained a lot of interest over the past 20 years. It produced various pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and intermediates that can made through this process. The carbonylation process is the most straightforward method to insert CO into any organic substrate using a simple carbonyl source, i. e., CO gas. Apart from gaseous CO, many techniques have devised for producing CO in situ using surrogates such as HCOOH, DMF, Formic acid, Phenyl Formate, Oxalic acid, and Chloroform. Several carbonylation methods, such as aminocarbonylation, alkoxycarbonylation, double carbonylation, and oxidative carbonylation, provide viable and appealing substitutes for conventional synthetic methods on a commercial or laboratory scale. Many recent studies focus on catalyst‐product separation, catalyst recoverability, and reusability in these reactions. Therefore, advancements in using different approaches, such as supported liquid phase catalysis and biphasic catalysis, to anchor homogeneous catalysts are becoming increasingly important. These carbonylation methods are easy to use, cost‐effective, and do not require ligands. They also produce excellent yields of the products necessary. Using phosphine ligands has drawbacks, including high work‐up costs, laborious work‐up techniques, and sensitivity to air and moisture. Several phosphine‐free carbonylation pathways offer affordable and straightforward ways to accomplish these changes without phosphine ligands. This review summarizes the synthetic application of homogeneous and immobilized catalysts in producing carboxylic acid derivatives and heterocycles that have medicinal properties.

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“…In fact, a number of papers have reported the use of alternative sources of carbon monoxide. These include work by Roberts et al, in which a rapid, microwave (MW) assisted cyclocarbonylation procedure was used for the synthesis of 4(3 H )-quinazolinones from aryl ureas, using Mo(CO) 6 as a robust CO-releasing reagent. , Although carbon monoxide protocols are hampered by the need for high-pressure equipment, there have been some developments in using MW technology with high pressure gas reagents, − which may even lead to a technological breakthrough in 4(3 H )-quinazolinone synthesis. Moreover, in the present context of the relentless demand for more highly sustainable chemistry, MW dielectric heating can benefit from the development of new strategies for safe and energy efficient bioactive product synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted, Green Synthesis of 4(3H)-Quinazolinones under CO Pressure in γ-Valerolactone and Reusable Pd/β-Cyclodextrin Cross-Linked Catalyst

Gaudino

Tagliapietra

Palmisano

et al. 2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The development of alternative, green solvents is an important and ongoing challenge. Our latest contribution to the field is the use of γ-valerolactone in aminocarbonylative coupling reactions for the clean synthesis of several 4(3H)-quinazolinones under microwave irradiation. The palladium-catalyzed, four-component carbonylative coupling reactions of o-iodoanilines, trimethyl orthoformate, and a variety of amines have been carried out under CO pressure (2.5 bar). This protocol was found to be highly efficient and selective for 4(3H)-quinazolinones, which were isolated in good yields in the presence of two different, recyclable Pd catalysts which were prepared under ultrasound irradiation; a novel lead-free Pd/boehmite catalyst and a β-cyclodextrin–cross-linked Pd catalyst.

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Heterogeneous Phase Microwave-Assisted Reactions under CO2 or CO Pressure

Cited by 11 publications

References 88 publications

Microwave-Assisted Dehydrogenative Cross Coupling Reactions in γ-valerolactone with a Reusable Pd/β-cyclodextrin Crosslinked Catalyst

Microwave-Assisted Dehydrogenative Cross Coupling Reactions in γ-valerolactone with a Reusable Pd/β-cyclodextrin Crosslinked Catalyst

A Review of Synthetic Application of Homogeneous, Heterogenised‐Homogeneous, and Microwave‐Assisted Catalytic Carbonylation of Selected Substrates

Microwave-Assisted, Green Synthesis of 4(3H)-Quinazolinones under CO Pressure in γ-Valerolactone and Reusable Pd/β-Cyclodextrin Cross-Linked Catalyst

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