Heterogeneous Residential Water and Energy Linkages and Implications for Conservation and Management

Abdallah, Adel M.; Rosenberg, David E.

doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000340

Cited by 60 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Our results also are consistent with previous studies: water-related energy used was slightly higher than results of Abdallah and Rosenberg (2014), probably because we are including losses with the WHAM formulation, and slightly lower than those from Kenway et al (2013) because we are not including energy used directly by appliances (although their results for total gas use, hot water + losses, are slightly lower than ours). Regression analysis results from households show that hot water-use and water heater characteristics are the main drivers of energy consumption, but outside and inlet temperatures also are important in energy consumption: even though the average indoor water-use in southern California households is larger, northern households use slightly more water-related energy due to lower winter temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Modeling residential water and related energy, carbon footprint and costs in California

Escriva-Bou

Lund

Pulido-Velázquez

2015

Environmental Science & Policy

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Modeling residential water and related energy, carbon footprint and costs in California

Escriva-Bou

Lund

Pulido-Velázquez

2015

Environmental Science & Policy

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“…RWHSs in dense urban areas appear to be economically advantageous [28][29][30]. To understand the energy-saving capacity of RWHSs, Retamal et al [31]; Proença et al [3]; Siddiqi and Anadon [32]; Abdallah and Rosenberg [33] have explored the energy saved due to RWHS system implementation, however, only single RWH sets are discussed. Because the frequency and amount of rainfall may also vary spatially, the primary disadvantage of a single-site approach lies in its improper treatment of the spatial aspect when large scale assessment is required [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Rainwater Harvesting Systems Cost-Effectively in a Urban Water-Energy Saving Scheme by Using a GIS-Simulation Based Design System

Chiu

Tsai

Chiang

2015

Water

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Current centralized urban water supply depends largely on energy consumption, creating critical water-energy challenge especially for many rapid growing Asian cities. In this context, harvesting rooftop rainwater for non-potable use has enormous potential to ease the worsening water-energy issue. For this, we propose a geographic information system (GIS)-simulation-based design system (GSBDS) to explore how rainwater harvesting systems (RWHSs) can be systematically and cost-effectively designed as an innovative water-energy conservation scheme on a city scale. This GSBDS integrated a rainfall data base, water balance model, spatial technologies, energy-saving investigation, and economic feasibility analysis based on a case study of eight communities in the Taipei metropolitan area, Taiwan. Addressing both the temporal and spatial variations in rainfall, the GSBDS enhanced the broad application of RWHS evaluations. The results indicate that the scheme is feasible based on the optimal design when both water and energy-savings are evaluated. RWHSs were observed to be cost-effective and facilitated 21.6% domestic water-use savings, and 138.6 (kWh/year-family) energy-savings. Furthermore, the cost of per unit-energy-saving is lower than that from solar PV systems in 85% of the RWHS settings. Hence, RWHSs not only enable water-savings, but are also an alternative OPEN ACCESSWater 2015, 7 6286 renewable energy-saving approach that can address the water-energy dilemma caused by rapid urbanization.

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“…Residential water-energy studies are in an early stage, and they have focused mostly on quantifying water-related energy consumption for each household appliance and end use. Some studies also present some kind of engineered procedure to analyze potential energy conservation : Fidar et al [2010] assessed the variability of energy and carbon emissions of different water efficiency target/levels depending on the composite strategies of water end use savings in England; Beal et al [2012] evaluated the potential conservation of energy and greenhouse gas emissions from resourceefficient household stock using empirical data and detailed stock specifications for homes in Queensland, Australia; Kenway et al [2013] estimated the average water, water-related energy, CO 2 emission and economic savings by simulating technological and behavioral changes in a model based on a metered house in Brisbane, Australia; Morales et al [2013] developed a methodology that uses parcel-level estimates of water use and optimization methods to determine the cost-effectiveness of water conservation practices based on the amount of water saved when savings in energy and wastewater treatment are included; finally Abdallah and Rosenberg [2014] obtained the energy elasticity of some technological and behavioral household modifications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal residential water conservation strategies considering related energy in California

Escriva-Bou

Lund

Pulido-Velázquez

2015

Water Resources Research

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Although most freshwater resources are used in agriculture, residential water use is a much more energy intensive user. Based on this, we analyze the increased willingness to adopt water conservation strategies if energy cost is included in the customers' utility function. Using a Water-Energy-CO 2 emissions model for household water end uses and probability distribution functions for parameters affecting water and water-related energy use in 10 different locations in California, this research introduces a probabilistic two-stage optimization model considering technical and behavioral decision variables to obtain the most economical strategies to minimize household water and water-related energy bills and costs given both water and energy price shocks. Results can provide an upper bound of household savings for customers with well-behaved preferences, and show greater adoption rates to reduce energy intensive appliances when energy is accounted, resulting in an overall 24% reduction in indoor water use that represents a 30% reduction in water-related energy use and a 53% reduction in household water-related CO 2 emissions. Previous use patterns and water and energy rate structures can affect greatly the potential benefits for customers and so their behavior. Given that water and energy are somewhat complementary goods for customers, we use results of the optimization to obtain own-price and cross-price elasticities of residential water use by simulating increases in water and energy prices. While the results are highly influenced by assumptions due to lack of empirical data, the method presented has no precedent in the literature and hopefully will stimulate the collection of additional relevant data.

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Heterogeneous Residential Water and Energy Linkages and Implications for Conservation and Management

Cited by 60 publications

References 9 publications

Modeling residential water and related energy, carbon footprint and costs in California

Modeling residential water and related energy, carbon footprint and costs in California

Designing Rainwater Harvesting Systems Cost-Effectively in a Urban Water-Energy Saving Scheme by Using a GIS-Simulation Based Design System

Optimal residential water conservation strategies considering related energy in California

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