Heterosexually Transmitted HIV Infection Among African Americans in North Carolina

Adimora, Adaora A.; Schoenbach, Victor J.; Martinson, Francis; Coyne‐Beasley, Tamera; Doherty, Irene A.; Stancil, Tonya; Fullilove, Robert E.

doi:10.1097/01.qai.0000191382.62070.a5

Cited by 158 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Among STD clinic attendees in St. Petersburg, Russia partner concurrency but not individual concurrency was significantly associated with diagnosed STDs. 43 Moreover, Adimora and et al, 10 in a study of heterosexually transmitted HIV among African Americans in North Carolina, found that the risk for infection with HIV among those who denied highrisk behaviors or partners was independently associated with having a sex partner who was not monogamous during the relationship with the participant. However, these studies did not specifically analyze the combined effect of both individual and partner concurrency (RSPC).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 In addition to these risk factors, the characteristics of sexual networks among heterosexuals, 5 specifically the pattern of sex partner concurrency (overlapping sex partnerships in the same time interval), may help to explain the heterosexual spread of HIV and other STDs in sub-Saharan Africa [6][7][8] and in high-risk urban and rural areas in the United States. [9][10][11] A high prevalence of sex partner concurrency in a population has been hypothesized to increase the number of direct or indirect sexual connections and thereby to influence the extent, rapidity, and persistence of HIV and other STD epidemics. 12 However, the theory that sex partner concurrency is a driver of heterosexual HIV epidemics has been criticized for being based on limited evidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reciprocal Sex Partner Concurrency and STDs among Heterosexuals at High-Risk of HIV Infection

et al. 2012

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Inconsistent findings on the relationship of sex partner concurrency to infection with HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) may result from differences in how sex partner concurrency is conceptualized. We examine the relationship of reciprocal sex partner concurrency (RSPC) to diagnosed STDs among heterosexuals. Heterosexually active adults (N=717) were recruited for a cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) from high-HIV-risk areas in New York City (NYC, 2006(NYC, -2007 and interviewed about their sexual risk behaviors, number of sex partners, last sex partners, and STD diagnoses (prior 12 months). RSPC was when both the participant and her/his last sex partner had sex with other people during their sexual relationship. Odds ratios (OR), adjusted odds ratios (aOR), and 95 % confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated by logistic regression. The sample was 52.4 % female, 74.3 % Black; median age was 40 years. RSPC was reported by 40.7 % and any STD diagnoses by 23.4 %. Any STDs was reported by 31.5 % of those reporting RSPC vs. 17.9 % of those who did not (OR=2.11, 95%CI=1.49-3.0). Any STDs was independently associated with RSPC (aOR=1.54, 95%CI=1.02-2.32), female gender (aOR=2.15, 95%CI=1.43-3.23), having more than three sex partners (aOR=1.72, 95%CI=1.13-2.63), and unprotected anal sex (aOR=1.65, 95%CI=1.12-2.42). Heterosexuals in high-HIV-risk neighborhoods in sexual partnerships that involve RSPC are at greater risk of STDs and, potentially, HIV. RSPC, in addition to sexual risk behaviors and the number of sex partners, may facilitate the heterosexual spread of HIV through STD cofactors and linkage into larger STD/HIV sexual transmission networks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal Sex Partner Concurrency and STDs among Heterosexuals at High-Risk of HIV Infection

et al. 2012

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“…43,44 Concurrent sexual partnering, defined as engaging in sex with two or more different people within the same or overlapping time period, is crucial to epidemic propagation via sexual networks [45][46][47][48] and has been shown to be independently associated with heterosexually transmitted HIV. 49 African American men are more likely than white men to report concurrent sexual relationships 50,51 and thus, concurrent partnering explains, in part, why the HIV epidemic spread has been particularly accelerated among heterosexual African Americans. 52,53 In addition to condom use, most HIV prevention interventions have focused on reducing numbers of partners and not on partner concurrency specifically, with recent reports urging such a focus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condom Use and Concurrent Partnering among Heterosexually Active, African American Men: A Qualitative Report

et al. 2012

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African Americans are overrepresented among heterosexual cases of HIV/ AIDS in the USA. Inconsistent condom use and concurrent partnering are two sexual behaviors driving the heterosexual HIV epidemic in the African American community. To inform the development of an HIV prevention behavioral intervention to decrease concurrent partnering and increase condom use among African American heterosexual men, we conducted formative research, including 61 structured interviews, 5 focus groups with 25 men, and 30 in-depth qualitative interviews between July and December 2009. We used a grounded theoretical approach and categorizing strategies to code and analyze the qualitative data. Results around condom use confirmed earlier findings among heterosexual men in general: condoms diminish pleasure, interfere with erection, and symbolize infidelity. Although valued by some as a form of disease prevention and pregnancy prevention, condoms are often used only with specific types of female partners, such as new or casual partners, or due to visual risk assessment. Sex partner concurrency was described as normative and ascribed to men's "natural" desire to engage in a variety of sexual activities or their high sex drive, with little recognition of the role it plays in the heterosexual HIV epidemic. Fatherhood emerged among many men as a crucial life event and compelling motivation for reducing sexual risk behavior. Based on these results, we conclude that existing HIV prevention efforts to improve attitudes towards and motivate use of condoms either have not reached or have not been successful with African American heterosexual men. In designing behavioral interventions to decrease concurrent partnering and increase condom use, addressing negative attitudes towards condoms and partner risk assessment is critical, as is integrating novel motivational approaches related to identity as fathers and men in the African American community.

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“…Thus, the involved women transmit HIV/AIDS to their sexual partners (5). Drug users, comparing with nondrug users, engage in high risk behaviors (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Use and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors of Women at a Drop-In Center in Mazandaran Province, Iran, 2014

Taghizadeh¹,

Taghizadeh²,

Fathi³

et al. 2015

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background: Female drug users are more likely to transmit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to their sexual partners. Little is known about HIV, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), cervicitis, and drug abuse among female sex workers in Iran. Objectives: Therefore, this study was conducted at a drop-in center (DIC) in Iran to investigate the prevalence of HIV associated risk factors, the prevalence of drug use, high-risk sexual behaviors, and the relationship between the associated factors in women. Patients and Methods:This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 female sex workers (SW) in a DIC in Sari, Mazandaran, Northern Iran, in January and February 2014. The study sample was selected through census sampling. In the end, 190 female SWs referring to the DIC participated in our study. There was no limitation in sampling. The self-administered questionnaire was completed via an interview. Results:The results showed that 39% of the female SWs were less than 30 years old and 64% had elementary school education. In addition, 59% of the participants took some type of illegal drugs and 1.1% of them were reportedly injecting drug users. Moreover, 43% of them had substance dependent husbands, and 39% were reportedly regular condom users. They had 1 -10 sexual partners on average per week. The overall prevalence of HIV infection was 4%. A significant relationship was found between the type of drugs used and factors such as having a substance dependent husband, use of condom during the last sexual contact, regular condom use, and the number of sexual acts per week. A significant correlation exists between using psychiatric drugs and factors like regular condom use, education, cervicitis, and the number of sexual conducts per week. Conclusions: Female sex workers often engage in sex for financial reasons and are at high risk of drug abuse, HIV, and cervicitis. In addition, the rate of cervicitis among females with high-risk sexual behavior is considerable in Mazandaran, Iran. Therefore, the state authorities should provide sex workers with health care services and help them acquire a good job to support their life.

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Heterosexually Transmitted HIV Infection Among African Americans in North Carolina

Cited by 158 publications

References 34 publications

Reciprocal Sex Partner Concurrency and STDs among Heterosexuals at High-Risk of HIV Infection

Reciprocal Sex Partner Concurrency and STDs among Heterosexuals at High-Risk of HIV Infection

Condom Use and Concurrent Partnering among Heterosexually Active, African American Men: A Qualitative Report

Drug Use and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors of Women at a Drop-In Center in Mazandaran Province, Iran, 2014

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