Background The COVID‐19 outbreak has exerted a great deal of psychological pressure on Iranian health workers and the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pandemic on anxiety and depression in Iranian population. Methods An online cross‐sectional study was conducted for the general public and healthcare workers in Iran using a questionnaire comprised of demographic questions and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Chi‐square test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted. Results Of the 2045 participants, 1136 (65.6%) were considered to have moderate and severe anxiety symptoms, and 865 (42.3%) had moderate and severe depression symptoms. The prevalence of anxiety was higher in the females than in the males (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.123‐1.643, P = .002); the prevalence of anxiety was significantly higher in those aged 30‐39 years than in other age‐groups (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.123‐2.320, P = .001); furthermore, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was significantly higher in doctors and nurses compared with other occupations ((OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.367‐2.491, P < .001) and (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.154‐2.021, P = .003)). In addition, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in the likely infected COVID‐19 group was higher than in the noninfected COVID‐19 group (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.093‐1.654, P = .005). Conclusions Regarding the high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, especially among healthcare workers, appropriate psychological/psychiatric intervention necessitates.

medRxiv preprintThe COVID-19 outbreak has exerted a great deal of psychological pressure on Iranian health workers and the general population. In the present study, the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms along with the related variables in this epidemic were investigated. MethodAn online cross-sectional study was conducted for the general public and healthcare workers in IRAN using a questionnaire comprised of demographic questions and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Chi square test was used to compare categorical variables, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted. ResultsOf the 2045 participants,1136 (65.6%) were considered to have moderate and severe anxiety symptoms, and 865(42.3%) had moderate and severe depression symptoms. Based on the logistic regression models, the prevalence of anxiety was higher in the females than in the males (OR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.123-1.643, P=.002); the prevalence of anxiety was significantly higher in those aged 30-39 years than in other age groups (OR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.123-2.320, P=0.001); furthermore, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was significantly higher in doctors and nurses compared with other occupations (OR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.367-2.491, P< 0.001) and(OR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.154-2.021, P=0.003). In addition, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in the likely-infected COVID-19 group was higher than in the noninfected COVID-19 group (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.093-1.654, P=0.005). ConclusionsRegarding the high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, especially among health care workers, appropriate psychological/psychiatric intervention necessitates.

Background:Female drug users are more likely to transmit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to their sexual partners. Little is known about HIV, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), cervicitis, and drug abuse among female sex workers in Iran.Objectives:Therefore, this study was conducted at a drop-in center (DIC) in Iran to investigate the prevalence of HIV associated risk factors, the prevalence of drug use, high-risk sexual behaviors, and the relationship between the associated factors in women.Patients and Methods:This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 female sex workers (SW) in a DIC in Sari, Mazandaran, Northern Iran, in January and February 2014. The study sample was selected through census sampling. In the end, 190 female SWs referring to the DIC participated in our study. There was no limitation in sampling. The self-administered questionnaire was completed via an interview.Results:The results showed that 39% of the female SWs were less than 30 years old and 64% had elementary school education. In addition, 59% of the participants took some type of illegal drugs and 1.1% of them were reportedly injecting drug users. Moreover, 43% of them had substance dependent husbands, and 39% were reportedly regular condom users. They had 1 - 10 sexual partners on average per week. The overall prevalence of HIV infection was 4%. A significant relationship was found between the type of drugs used and factors such as having a substance dependent husband, use of condom during the last sexual contact, regular condom use, and the number of sexual acts per week. A significant correlation exists between using psychiatric drugs and factors like regular condom use, education, cervicitis, and the number of sexual conducts per week.Conclusions:Female sex workers often engage in sex for financial reasons and are at high risk of drug abuse, HIV, and cervicitis. In addition, the rate of cervicitis among females with high-risk sexual behavior is considerable in Mazandaran, Iran. Therefore, the state authorities should provide sex workers with health care services and help them acquire a good job to support their life.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) cancers are expected to be major global health concerns in the upcoming decades. The growth of HPV-positive cancer cells depends on the consistent expression of oncoprotein which has been poorly taken into account in the cellular communication. Among them, E6/E7 oncoproteins are attractive therapeutic targets as their inhibition rapidly leads to the onset of aging in HPV-positive cancer cells. This cellular response is associated with the regeneration of p53, pRb anti-proliferative proteins as well as the mTOR signaling pathway; hence, the identification of involved and application of E6/E7 inhibitors can lead to new therapeutic strategies. In the present review, we focused on the pathogenicity of E6/E7 Proteins of human papillomavirus and their roles associated with the cervical cancer.

Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is the most common genetic dyslipidemia disorder which is accompanied by increasing of triglyceride and cholesterol. This disorder is a complex genetic disease although it also has monogenic forms. The familial form has several criteria for diagnosis that can be distinguished of nonfamilial position. It has been shown that a variety of internal and external risk factors are involved in the pathogenesis of FCHL. Environmental factors and the genetic background also play an important role in the FCHL pathogenesis. Many mechanisms and pathways are involved in lipid metabolism (ie, dysfunctional adipose tissue, hepatic fat and very low-density lipoprotein overproduction, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and clearance of low-density lipoprotein particles) that could lead to FCHL. Individuals with a positive family history like those who have a positive family history of cardiovascular diseases are more predispositions for this disorder. To date several methods have been used to identify the genetic background of the FCHL. In the current review, we summarized the prevalence and the molecular mechanisms involved in the FCHL disease. Moreover, we highlighted the used molecular methods for determining the genes involved in the FCHL. K E Y W O R D S dyslipidemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, molecular aspects J Cell Biochem. 2019;120:8891-8898.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jcb