Heterosis of haemolymph analytes of two geographic populations in Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis

Effects of potential probiotic Bacillus subtilis T13 on growth, immunity and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

“…However, the variation of SOD activities was correlated well with the change of respiratory burst of sea cucumbers coelomocytes. ACP plays an important role in the immune system as a key compound of lysosomal enzymes to digest the invading organisms in invertebrate [52,53]. In the present study, it was showed that dietary levels of B. subtilis T13 from 10 5 to 10 9 CFU/g could not significantly influence the immunity of sea cucumbers through affecting ACP activity.…”

Reconsideration of phenoloxidase activity determination in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

“…As for the preservation of samples for PO activity assay, little information is available, except that serum should be stored at À20 C and examined in 20 days [10], and that plasma should be immediately used for assay [23]. It is inevitable to put samples on ice while sampling or measuring, and thus the stability of the plasma put on ice directly (Ice) or frozen in liquid nitrogen before (N-Ice), was examined.…”

“…For example, the pH, and the final concentration of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) of reaction mixture, varies over a wide range [4,[9][10][11]. All these factors, if not in a proper range, can affect the accurate determination of PO activity.…”

Clinical pharmacology of exogenously administered alkaline phosphatase

“…Alkaline phosphatases (APs) are dimeric enzymes that are highly prevalent in nature [1], from bacteria [2] to marine life [3] to mammals [4]. In man, AP is present in many cells and organs (e.g., intestines, kidney, placenta, liver, bone, neutrophils) [5].…”