Heterostructures obtained by ultrasonic methods for photocatalytic application: A review

Recent progress on sonochemical production for the synthesis of efficient photocatalysts and the impact of reactor design

“…These materials compromise semiconductor and a radiation source combination that has enough energy to excite electrons in order to create a hole (h + ) in the valence band. The charge pairs react with different molecules to form reactive oxygen species [90] . The semiconductor heterojunction involves the stacking up to two semiconductors with different bandgaps.…”

“…A heterostructure is blend of multiple heterojunctions where both designed forms can find application in lasers, transistors, photocatalysis, photodegradation of organic pollutants, solar cells and many more [91] . These materials can be obtained by several methods among them the sonochemical which is considered promising due to relatively simple apparatus use, short time of synthesis and no need for external heat source [90] . The sonochemical heterojunction construction has gained the interest of many scientists since the heterojunction surface can significantly improve charge carriers separation efficiency [92] .…”

Covalent Organic Framework/g-C3N4 van der Waals Heterojunction toward H2 Production

“…Currently, hydrothermal, thermal condensation, and microwave techniques are widely used in the preparation of modified photocatalysts, but these methods suffer from complex processes, high energy consumption, and high expenditure. − Compared with the above traditional methods, ultrasonic synthesis strategy has significant advantages (such as simple operation, high efficiency, and short reaction time), which conforms to the concept of energy saving and environmental protection and shows the environmental friendliness of catalytic materials. , More importantly, ultrasonic cavitation and thermal effects have a crucial role in the construction of a highly catalytic heterojunction interface of a composite, and the interaction between some specific functional groups of the composite can be used to stabilize the photocatalyst effectively …”

Large-scale sonochemical fabrication of a Co3O4–CoFe2O4@MWCNT bifunctional electrocatalyst for enhanced OER/HER performances

“…So, it is possible to consider it as an alternative to the more typical ways of synthesis. 37,38 In this work, we have presented a simplied ultrasonication route for the fabrication of dual-phased Co The ternary nanocomposite of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and mixed-phase Co 3 O 4 -CoFe 2 O 4 was made using an easy-toimplement ultrasonication method. Firstly, 20 mg of MWCNTs were well-dispersed into deionized water by employing a sonication of one an hour.…”