Heterotopic Ossification in Orthopaedic Trauma

Abstract

Heterotopic ossification (HO) can be defined as the pathological formation of bone in extra-skeletal tissues. There has been a substantial amount of recent research on the pathophysiology, prophylaxis and treatment of HO and traumatic conditions associated with the development of HO. This research has advanced our understanding of this disease and helped to clarify evidence-based approaches to both the prophylaxis and treatment of HO. This article reviews the literature on these topics with a focus on their application in orthopaedic trauma.

Treatments and Preventative Measures for Trauma‐Induced Heterotopic Ossification: A Review

“…Dual approaches to the proximal radius, commonly utilized for bicep tendon repair and reconstruction, result in proximal forearm synostosis. Traumatic injury is also associated with HO formation from isolated limb fractures and fracture dislocations of the joints due to polytrauma 6, 7, 8, 9, 10…”

“…As a result, the progenitor cells that are primarily responsible for aberrant bone growth could come from osseous, periosteal, muscle, or vasculature origin. Recent examination of progenitors cells from war‐traumatized (i.e., high energy trauma) muscle tissues present with similarities to mesenchymal stem cells derived from marrow surrounding soft tissue 6. Additionally, hematopoietic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into many tissue types, including bone 24.…”

Massive Posttraumatic Heterotopic Ossification of Knee Joint (Case Report)

“…Доказана также эффективность пэТ-кТ в диагностике этого забо-левания [16,17]. основными мерами профилактики Го при травмах являются нпВс и проведение однократ-ного курса лучевой терапии [18]. Из нпВс наи-более часто назначают индометацин на срок до 6 нед.…”

Anaplerotic Accumulation of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates as Well as Changes in Other Key Metabolites During Heterotopic Ossification

“…At this point, there can be significant damage to the soft tissues that is not recoverable. Further, one of the only treatments is surgical removal, which is often difficult in that the new bone often is adjacent to, or encompassing peripheral nerves [Nauth et al, 2012] and in many cases the bone immediately grows back [Alfieri et al, 2012]. …”