Heterozygosity in an Isolated Population of a Large Mammal Founded by Four Individuals Is Predicted by an Individual-Based Genetic Model

Kekkonen, Jaana; Wikström, Mikael; Brommer, Jon E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043482

Cited by 38 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…The genetic effects of the bottleneck are determined by a number of factors, such as the minimum number of individuals during the bottleneck as well as its duration and rebounce dynamics, and genetic diversity may survive in situations that appear severe (for instance, see Kekkonen et al, 2012). Even though, in human terms, there was a drastic reduction in the population size, it may have not been drastic enough to greatly reduce the genetic diversity.…”

Section: No Drastic Reduction In Diversity Suggests Relatively Largementioning

confidence: 99%

MtDNA and Y‐chromosomal diversity in the Chachapoya, a population from the northeast Peruvian Andes‐Amazon divide

Guevara

Palo

Guillén³

et al. 2016

American J Hum Biol

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The high level of diversity in the Chachapoya, the lack of evidence of drift in the past, and genetic affinities with a broad range of populations in the Americas reflects an intricate population history in the region. The new genetic data from the Chachapoya indeed seems to point to a genetic complexity that is not yet resolved but beginning to be elucidated. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:857-867, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: No Drastic Reduction In Diversity Suggests Relatively Largementioning

confidence: 99%

MtDNA and Y‐chromosomal diversity in the Chachapoya, a population from the northeast Peruvian Andes‐Amazon divide

Guevara

Palo

Guillén³

et al. 2016

American J Hum Biol

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“…For instance, introduced populations of elk in Pennsylvania and white-tailed deer in Finland display reduced variation relative to the source stocks (Kekkonen, Wikström, & Brommer, 2012;Williams, Serfass, Cogan, & Rhodes, 2002). For instance, introduced populations of elk in Pennsylvania and white-tailed deer in Finland display reduced variation relative to the source stocks (Kekkonen, Wikström, & Brommer, 2012;Williams, Serfass, Cogan, & Rhodes, 2002).…”

Section: Demographic Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, introduced populations of elk in Pennsylvania and white-tailed deer in Finland display reduced variation relative to the source stocks (Kekkonen, Wikström, & Brommer, 2012;Williams, Serfass, Cogan, & Rhodes, 2002). Image b, was the top model for only ancestoral introgression prior to sika deer populations leaving the Japanese Islands (it includes a gray "ghost" population) loci than observed in sika deer and elk; however, they were founded from deer that were more highly variable (Kekkonen et al, 2012). White-tailed deer introduced to Finland maintained greater allelic richness and higher heterozygosity (5.36, 0.692) across 14 F I G U R E 5 Top historical models selected by DIYABC.…”

Section: Demographic Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity and demographic history of introduced sika deer on the Delmarva Peninsula

Kalb

Delaney

DeYoung

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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The introduction of non‐native species can have long‐term effects on native plant and animal communities. Introduced populations are occasionally not well understood and offer opportunities to evaluate changes in genetic structure through time and major population changes such as bottleneck and or founder events. Invasive species can often evolve rapidly in new and novel environments, which could be essential to their long‐term success. Sika deer are native to East Asia, and their introduction and establishment to the Delmarva Peninsula, USA, is poorly documented, but probably involved ≥1 founder and/or bottleneck events. We quantified neutral genetic diversity in the introduced population and compared genetic differentiation and diversity to the presumed source population from Yakushima Island, Japan, and a captive population of sika deer in Harrington, Delaware, USA. Based on the data from 10 microsatellite DNA loci, we observed reduced genetic variation attributable to founder events, support for historic hybridization events, and evidence that the population did originate from Yakushima Island stocks. Estimates of population structure through Bayesian clustering and demographic history derived from approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), were consistent with the hypothesized founder history of the introduced population in both timing and effective population size (approximately five effective breeding individuals, an estimated 36 generations ago). Our ABC results further supported a single introduction into the wild happening before sika deer spread throughout the Delmarva. We conclude that free‐ranging sika deer on Delmarva are descended from ca. five individuals introduced about 100 years ago from captive stocks of deer maintained in the United Kingdom. Free‐ranging sika deer on Delmarva have lost neutral diversity due to founder and bottleneck events, yet populations have expanded in recent decades and show no evidence of abnormalities associated with inbreeding. We suggest management practices including increasing harvest areas and specifically managing sika deer outside of Maryland.

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“…Finland has three abundant ungulate game species, whose populations are mainly regulated by hunting: the moose, which is spread across the country; the introduced white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), which has a dense population concentrated in southwestern Finland and the roe deer, which lives in the southern half of the country (second largest distribution) at low densities (see Pulliainen 1980, Lavsund et al 2003, Kekkonen et al 2012, Finnish Wildlife Agency and Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute 2014. In addition, two small native populations of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus) live in central and northeastern Finland and a few small, introduced local populations of fallow deer (Dama dama) in southern Finland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic mortality of four ungulate species in southern Finland

Niemi¹,

Matala

Melin

et al. 2015

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Ungulate-vehicle collisions are intensively studied in many countries. However, limited knowledge exists on how many animals struck actually die due to collisions and whether differences in traffic mortality occur between species living in the same area. In this study, we estimated a kill rate (the proportion of individuals killed/struck) and, in relation to their winter population sizes, the collision and traffic mortality rates for four ungulate species (moose Alces alces, white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus, roe deer Capreolus capreolus, and fallow deer Dama dama). We used an unofficial collision register collected between 2001 and 2012 (a total of 12 years) by voluntary hunters from the Hyvinkää Game Management Area (323 km 2 ) located in southern Finland. The population estimates used were based on annual snow track censuses. A total of 497 ungulates were involved in collisions during the study period. Of these, 76% were killed directly or put down afterwards. Roe deer had the highest kill rate; 95% of struck individuals died. White-tailed deer had the highest collision and traffic mortality rates (8.0% and 6.5% of the winter population, respectively), followed by moose (6.5 % and 4.5%), roe deer (3.9% and 3.7%), and fallow deer (3.2% and 2.1%). As we found the collision and traffic mortality rates to be unequal between species, we recommend separately reporting all ungulate species when compiling collision statistics. We additionally suggest that local managers should be aware of ungulate collision and traffic mortality rates in their areas and should use this knowledge when planning annual harvest. Nature Conservation 11: 13-28 (2015) doi : RESEARCH ARTICLE Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation A peer-reviewed open-access journalMilla Niemi et al. / Nature Conservation 11: 13-28 (2015) 14

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Heterozygosity in an Isolated Population of a Large Mammal Founded by Four Individuals Is Predicted by an Individual-Based Genetic Model

Cited by 38 publications

References 38 publications

MtDNA and Y‐chromosomal diversity in the Chachapoya, a population from the northeast Peruvian Andes‐Amazon divide

MtDNA and Y‐chromosomal diversity in the Chachapoya, a population from the northeast Peruvian Andes‐Amazon divide

Genetic diversity and demographic history of introduced sika deer on the Delmarva Peninsula

Traffic mortality of four ungulate species in southern Finland

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