Heuristics in Problem Solving: The Role of Direction in Controlling Search Space

Chu, Yun; Li, Zheng; Su, Yong; Pizlo, Zygmunt

doi:10.7771/1932-6246.1078

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Using similarities (distances) among clusters and the relations between clusters and sub-clusters, a human can orient himself in large search spaces without being lost and without having to search the spaces. Hierarchical clustering provides us with a way to determine a direction in a problem space, which is essential in deciding where to go next without examining alternatives (Maier, 1930;Pizlo & Li, 2005;Chu, Li, Su, & Pizlo, 2010). As a result, we can quickly solve difficult problems nearly optimally, using working memory that stores only a few items at a time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solving Large Problems with a Small Working Memory

Pizlo¹,

Stefanov²

2013

The Journal of Problem Solving

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We describe an important elaboration of our multiscale/multiresolution model for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Our previous model emulated the non-uniform distribution of receptors on the human retina and the shifts of visual attention. This model produced nearoptimal solutions of TSP in linear time by performing hierarchical clustering followed by a sequence of coarse-to-fine approximations of the tour. Linear time complexity was related to the minimal amount of search performed by the model, which posed minimal requirements on the size of the working memory. The new model implements the small working memory requirement. The model only stores information about as few as 2-5 clusters at any one time in the solution process. This requirement matches the known capacity of human working memory. We conclude by speculating that this model provides a possible explanation of how the human mind can effectively deal with very large search spaces.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solving Large Problems with a Small Working Memory

Pizlo¹,

Stefanov²

2013

The Journal of Problem Solving

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“…Auxiliam a reduzir incertezas e apontam caminhos que já foram percorridos (TVERSKY e KAHNEMAN, 1984;CHU et al, 2010).…”

Section: Para Coesão Socialunclassified

Roteiro para ideação: aplicação de estratégias para mudança de comportamento e heurísticas para coesão social no de-sign de serviços

Kihara,

Santos,

Zandomeneghi

2024

Cad. Pedagógico

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A busca pela coesão social contribui para o desenvolvimento de um ambiente que possa favorecer tratamentos clínicos psiquiátricos. Este artigo está inserido num contexto de reabilitação de adictos. Mais especificamente, reúne esforços para a mudança de comportamento em indivíduos com adicção, tendo em vista a coesão social. Contribui para as temáticas do Design para o Comportamento Sustentável e Design de Serviços, visando demonstrar o potencial criativo dessas áreas em gerar alternativas a problemas complexos, como no caso da adicção. É parte do resultado da aplicação do método Design Science Research (DSR). Logo, o objetivo desse artigo é demonstrar a aplicação da ferramenta Roteiro para Ideação, utilizada na fase de ideação do Design de Serviços. Em suma, este artigo apresenta resultados da aplicação de heurísticas para coesão social, estratégias para intervenção comportamental, estratégias para ideação e estratégias contextualizadas para ideação em serviços. A aplicação ocorre durante um Workshop de Ideação a partir da ferramenta Roteiro para Ideação. Logo, evidencia-se que a utilização da ferramenta Roteiro para Ideação contribui para a aplicação das estratégias para mudança de comportamento do Design para o Comportamento Sustentável em serviços. Demonstrou-se a conectividade das estratégias e heurísticas para estimular a criatividade e facilitar o processo de cocriação. No entanto, o Roteiro para Ideação ainda é uma ferramenta que demanda por mais aplicações. Ou seja, limita-se à aplicabilidade de estratégias para mudança de comportamento em serviços tendo em vista a coesão social. Todavia, tendo em vista a flexbilidade para a alteração dos cards com estratégias e heurísticas, é uma ferramenta com potencial para a aplicação em outros contextos da sustabilidade.

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“…However, the main task of heuristics is not to work simply as solution generators, like pure trial and error or brainstorming. Actually, they work as devices that contribute to the reduction in the average number of solutions to be searched [2], aid in finding an easy path to the answer in complex problems [5], and focus attention on the most relevant aspects of the problem [6].…”

Section: Inventive Problem Solving and Heuristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to this classification, heuristics can be fitted as solutions generators processes.However, the main task of heuristics is not to work simply as solution generators, like pure trial and error or brainstorming. Actually, they work as devices that contribute to the reduction in the average number of solutions to be searched [2], aid in finding an easy path to the answer in complex problems [5], and focus attention on the most relevant aspects of the problem [6].With such qualities, heuristics techniques are popular, playing a major role in TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving). TRIZ heuristics were abstracted from the most inventive patents into a generic problem-solving framework, enabling the solution of the most varied specific problems [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Rules for Problem Solving: Qualitative Analysis and Compilation of Existing Inventive Heuristics of TRIZ

Tessari

Carvalho

2015

AMM

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Heuristics are widely accepted and used as tools for inventive problem solving. A problem when using heuristics is that their number is relatively high and ever growing (469 heuristics were analyzed only in this research). This amount of heuristics makes it necessary for problem solvers to spend a significant amount of time in understanding them, finding the most suitable ones to their specific situations and using them. This article presents a first step towards decreasing this complexity. The main heuristics to solve inventive problems were synthesized into a single list, whose preparation involved the identification of heuristics in literature, followed by a qualitative analysis through a comparison process, resulting in a final list of 263 heuristics. The authors hope that this list can save problem solvers’ time and become a basis for a future, essential set of inventive problem solving heuristics.

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Heuristics in Problem Solving: The Role of Direction in Controlling Search Space

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Solving Large Problems with a Small Working Memory

Solving Large Problems with a Small Working Memory

Roteiro para ideação: aplicação de estratégias para mudança de comportamento e heurísticas para coesão social no de-sign de serviços

Rules for Problem Solving: Qualitative Analysis and Compilation of Existing Inventive Heuristics of TRIZ

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