Background Immediate dentin sealing implies applying an adhesive system to dentin directly after tooth preparation, before impression. The technique is universal (inlays, onlays, veneers, crowns) and well documented clinically and experimentally. Different types of dentin bonding agents (DBAs) are available on the market. Major differences lie in the thickness of the hybrid layer and overlaying adhesive resin (filled vs. unfilled/lightly filled adhesives). Objective The objective of this work is to provide precise clinical instructions and present new experimental data about the bond strength of five DBAs (Optibond FL, Scotchbond MP, Single Bond Plus, Clearfil SE Bond, and Scotchbond Universal) used conventionally (dentin sealed at the time of restoration delivery) or with immediate dentin sealing, as well as with an additional flowable resin coating. Methods Seventy‐five human molars were selected, restored/tested according the microtensile bond strength method. Fifteen groups (n=5) were obtained from the combination of the five DBAs and three application modes: delayed dentin sealing, immediate dentin sealing and immediate dentin sealing with flowable resin coating. Results It appears that immediate dentin sealing was confirmed to significantly improve the bond strength of all tested adhesives. The use of a flowable resin coating reinforcement after immediate dentin sealing increased the microtensile bond strength of all unfilled/lightly filled adhesives (from 233% of increase for ScotchBond MP, up to 560% for Clearfil SE Bond) and maintained the performance of the 3‐step golden standard adhesive. Optibond FL used with (52.51 MPa) or without (54.75 MPa) additional flowable resin coating and Clearfil SE Bond (45.64 MPa) used with flowable resin coating provided the best results. Clinical Significance The original immediate dentin sealing (IDS) technique implies the use of a filled DBA. With unfilled/lightly filled adhesives, it is suggested to reinforce IDS with an additional flowable resin coating. This seems especially paramount to the performance of simplified adhesive systems to protect the thin bonding interface from oxygen inhibition and preserve IDS layer during predelivery cleaning of the preparation. The clinical reinforcement of unfilled/lightly filled IDS with flowable resin composite is encouraged for more predictable bonding.

Our data indicate that the bone resorption markers are more highly expressed in OF, CGCL, and OS than in FD and SBC, indicating a significant association between these proteins and the clinical behavior of these lesions.

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R E S U M OEm geral, os Latossolos sob cerrado apresentam distribuição equilibrada do tamanho de agregados podendo sofrer, quando cultivados, alterações com reflexos negativos para a produção agrícola. Com o objetivo de estudar a composição granulométrica, a densidade e a porosidade de agregados de diferentes tamanhos foram retiradas amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho textura argilosa, a duas profundidades (0-5 e 5-10 cm). Os fatores em estudo, analisados separadamente para cada profundidade, foram duas coberturas vegetais (vegetação de cerrado e milho cultivado durante trinta anos) e cinco classes de agregados (2,0-1,0, 1,0-0,5, 0,5-0,25, 0,25-0,105 e < 0,105 mm). Nos materiais separados por via seca se determinaram a proporção, a composição granulométrica e a densidade dos agregados, pelo método do cimento em pó calculando-se a porosidade intra-agregados. As amostras retiradas do solo sob cerrado apresentaram diâmetro médio maior que as retiradas do solo cultivado com milho. Considerando a classe conclui-se que quanto menor o tamanho do agregado maior a proporção de argilas, menor a densidade do agregado e maior a porosidade intra-agregado, devido à exclusão de areias de maior tamanho que o dos agregados da classe em análise. Particle size distribution, density and porosity of aggregates in an Oxisol under two vegetal covers A B S T R A C TCerrado's Oxisols present, frequently, balanced distribution of aggregate size. However, when cultivated, may change with negative consequences for agricultural production. With the aim of studying the particle size distribution, density and porosity of aggregates of different sizes, samples were taken under two soil covers (cerrado vegetation and another area under maize crop for thirty years) in two depths (0-5 and 5-10 cm). The studied factors were the vegetal cover and five aggregate classes (2.0-1.0, 1. 0-0.5, 0.5-0.25, 0.25-0.105 and < 0.105 mm), separated by the dry sieving method. In these materials the proportion, particle size distribution and density of the aggregates by the method of cement powder were determined, calculating the porosity intraaggregate. The cerrado samples showed geometric mean diameter greater than those sampled in soil cultivated with maize. Considering the aggregate class, the smaller size of the aggregate resulted in greater proportion of clays, lower aggregate density and higher intra-aggregate porosity due to exclusion of sand with a size larger than the aggregates of the class in study.

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