Hexavalent Chromium Ingestion: Biological Markers of Nephrotoxicity and Genotoxicity

Hantson, P.; Caenegem, Olivier Van; Decordier, Ilse; Haufroid, Vincent; Lison, Dominique

doi:10.1081/clt-50414

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Accidental ingestion has been reported for Cr(VI) compounds including chromic acid (Fristedt et al, 1965;Saryan and Reedy, 1988;Loubières et al, 1999), potassium chromate (Goldman and Karotkin, 1935;Partington, 1950;Kaufman et al, 1970;Sharma et al, 1978;Iserson et al, 1983;Clochesy, 1984;Hanston et al, 2005), and ammonium dichromate (Reichelderfer, 1968;Hasan, 2007) resulting in a large variety of clinical presentations such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting; hematemesis and bloody diarrhea; caustic burns of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum and GI hemorrhage; anemia, decreased blood Hb, abnormal erythrocytes, and intravascular hemolysis; hepatotoxicity (hepatomegaly, jaundice, elevated blood bilirubin, and liver enzymes activities); renal failure (oliguria and anuria); cyanosis; and metabolic acidosis, hypotension, and shock (see also ATSDR, 2012). Fatty degeneration in the liver and tubular degeneration and necrosis in the kidney were observed in biospies (Reichelderfer, 1968;Kaufman et al, 1970;Sharma et al, 1978;Loubières et al, 1999).…”

Section: Acute Oral Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water

2014

EFS2

101

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EFSA received a request from the Hellenic Food Authority for a scientific opinion on estimation of the risk to human health from the presence of chromium (Cr) in food, particularly in vegetables, and Cr(VI) in bottled water. The CONTAM Panel derived a TDI of 0.3 mg/kg b.w. per day for Cr(III) from the lowest NOAEL identified in an NTP chronic oral toxicity study in rats. Under the assumption that all chromium in food is Cr(III), the mean and 95th percentile dietary exposure across all age groups were well below the TDI and therefore does not raise concerns for public health. In the case of drinking water, the Panel considered all chromium in water as Cr(VI). For non‐neoplastic effects the lowest BMDL10 for diffuse epithelial hyperplasia of duodenum in female mice and the lowest BMDL05 for haematotoxicity in male rats in a 2‐year NTP study were selected as reference points. The MOEs indicate that for non‐neoplastic effects the current exposure levels to Cr(VI) via drinking water are of no concern for public health. For neoplastic effects, the CONTAM Panel selected a lowest BMDL10 for combined adenomas and carcinomas of the mouse small intestine as the reference point. Overall, the calculated MOEs indicate low concern regarding Cr(VI) intake via drinking water (water intended for human consumption and natural mineral waters) for all age groups when considering the mean chronic exposure values with the exception of infants at the upper bound (UB) exposure estimates. MOEs below 10 000 were calculated at the UB 95th percentile exposure estimates, particularly for ‘Infants’, ‘Toddlers’ and ‘Other children’, which were highly influenced by the relatively high occurrence values under the UB assumption. To improve the risk assessment, there is a need for data on the content of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in food and drinking water.

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Section: Acute Oral Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water

2014

EFS2

101

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“…До широко розповсюджених і небезпечних ксенобіотиків належать солі важких металів (Porter et al, 2005). Отруєння ними може спричинити порушення метаболічних процесів, важкі захворювання (Duffus, 2002;Hantson et al, 2005). Згідно з деякими прогнозами, в майбутньому сполуки важких металів як загроза екологічному стану довкілля можуть вийти на перше місце, випереджаючи в цьому відношенні відходи атомних станцій та органічні антропогенні забруднення (Banfalvi, 2011).…”

Section: вступunclassified

Structure and function of the liver in conditions of chrome-isoniazid-rifampicin affection of rats after applying of sorbex

Burmas

Фіра

2014

VDNUBM

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The aim of this research was to assess the activity of marker enzymes of the liver and its biliary formation function in conditions of the affection of animals by hexavalent chromium compounds, isoniazid and rifampicin, after applying of sorbex. The experimental affection of rats of different age was carried in the conditions of combined injection of hexavalent chromium compounds (solution of potassium dichromate, 3 mg/kg), isoniazid (0.05 g/kg) and rifampicin (0.25 g/kg) during the 7th and 14th days, and sorbex enterosorbent was introduced in quantity of 150 mg/kg. The activity of marker enzymes of the liver was evaluated by the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The state of biliary formation function of the liver was evaluated by the content of total bilirubin (TB) and bile acids (BA) in blood. The most significant changes in ALT activity were observed in the liver of old animals by the combined effects of the abovementioned xenobiotics – the activity of ALT was decreased by the end of the experiment by 58% compared with the animals of intact control. Using of sorbex led to decreasing in blood serum and increasing in the liver of affected animals of the different age of ALT activity throughout the experiment. AST activity in blood serum increased, and it was the highest in old animals upon chrome-isoniazid-rifampicin affection on the 14th day of the research. With the use of sorbex, there was a tendency to normalization of this index in blood serum and liver of affected animals on the 7th day from the beginning of the experiment. It was found that the largest increase in ALP took place in blood serum of immature animals by the combined effects of toxicants. In the liver of affected animals the activity of ALP decreased throughout the experiment in all age groups of animals. Maximum corrective effect on the activity of ALP was shown by the enterosorbent in the liver of mature animals on 14th day of the experiment and this index was equal to 99% compared with intact animals. During the affection of animals by toxins, we observed the increase in the content of total bilirubin and bile acids, especially in rats of immature age and mature age. After the injection of sorbex enterosorbent in the organism of animals, normalization of its indicators on the 7th day from the beginning of the experiment was established. It is proved that sorbex has normalized the activity of marker enzymes of the liver and its biliary formation function in the organism of affected animals. Therefore, it can be used as an enterosorbent in the conditions of chemical affection on the background of drug-induced hepatitis.

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“…A DMPS challenge failed to show any increase in chromium excretion [107]. As adjuvant therapy in patients who were exposed, NAC did not demonstrate any particular benefit, although it was without apparent toxicity [102,108].…”

Section: Chromium Chelators and Chelation Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data regarding the effectiveness of hemodialysis are mixed; it also may be instituted for concurrent renal failure [101,102,109,110]. Ascorbic acid has been added as a nonspecific antioxidant in addition to multiple therapeutic measures, making determination of its individual contribution difficult in humans [101,108].…”

Section: Chromium Chelators and Chelation Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Chelation in the Treatment of Other Metal Poisonings

Smith

2013

J. Med. Toxicol.

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Hexavalent Chromium Ingestion: Biological Markers of Nephrotoxicity and Genotoxicity

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water

Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water

Structure and function of the liver in conditions of chrome-isoniazid-rifampicin affection of rats after applying of sorbex

The Role of Chelation in the Treatment of Other Metal Poisonings

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