Hidden resilience and adaptive dynamics of the global online hate ecology

Hate Speech Epidemic. The Dynamic Effects of Derogatory Language on Intergroup Relations and Political Radicalization

“…By no means is the presented model sufficient to deal with these issues. Recent findings suggest that hate forms a global "network-of-networks" (Johnson et al, 2019), which means that successful implementation of a certain antihate strategy in one of the networks (e.g., on Facebook) does not eliminate hatred, but rather moves it to another network (to another country, continent, or language). One example of such a process may be the launch of a new far-right social media platform in 2017-Gab-where antihate-speech policies do not apply, and where hate speech flourishes (Mathew, Illendula, et al, 2019).…”

“…One example of such a process may be the launch of a new far-right social media platform in 2017-Gab-where antihate-speech policies do not apply, and where hate speech flourishes (Mathew, Illendula, et al, 2019). Thus, in order to make communication media a more inclusive and accepting place, we may require a policy matrix rather than one policy (see Johnson et al, 2019). According to Johnson et al (2019), such policies could involve banning small hate-speech groups on social media, randomly banning a small proportion of hate-speech users, encouraging anti-hate-speech users to form common platforms that would counter hate speech, and utilizing competing narratives within hate-speech groups to provoke in-fights.…”

“…Thus, in order to make communication media a more inclusive and accepting place, we may require a policy matrix rather than one policy (see Johnson et al, 2019). According to Johnson et al (2019), such policies could involve banning small hate-speech groups on social media, randomly banning a small proportion of hate-speech users, encouraging anti-hate-speech users to form common platforms that would counter hate speech, and utilizing competing narratives within hate-speech groups to provoke in-fights. Altogether, such matrix of policies should be implemented globally, which would require changes in domestic and international laws (e.g., making social media platforms responsible for implementing the matrix of policies).…”

Contriving the Future by Tampering with the Past: A Deferral Tactic in Chinese Internet Censorship

“…However, when facing a large project for inspectors to work on with vast online information appearing on various Chinese platforms, in what way could the inspector possibly conduct censorship? It is believed that people's experiences of being censored undermine Chinese online censorship laws and can inspire more criticism of and discussion on sensitive issues online in China, as a form of backfire, which can result from such expression control (42,43). Given that time can solve partial problems, allowing the existence of online discussions concerning sensitive topics cannot give rise to online activism without prompt massive censorship, but as a first step, inspectors censor only some leading actors by avoiding overstimulating them to bring about a negative influence on the government.…”

Mit Mathematik gegen Hass und Fliegenfallen

“…6 Im Original: "Europe shows a particularly complex hate ecology, which reflects intertwined narratives that cross languages and declared causes-for example, neo-Nazi clusters with membership drawn from the United Kingdom, Canada, United States, Australia and New Zealand feature material about English football, Brexit and skinhead imagery while also promoting black music genres. So although the hate may be pure, the rationale given is not, which suggests that this online ecology acts like a global flytrap that can quickly capture new recruits from any platform, country and language, particularly if they do not yet have a clear focus for their hate" [8].…”