Hierarchical architectures in the third-generation-cellular Network

Wu, Xiaoxin; Murherjee, B.; Ghosal, Dipak

doi:10.1109/mwc.2004.1308951

Cited by 63 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Generally, tiered networks can improve spectral efficiency, coverage and capacity, minimise handover and ensure service continuity subject to effective interference and resource management [16]. A two-tier cellular architecture comprising a HAP cell overlaying multiple low altitude platform (LAP) cells was proposed in [12].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending Coverage and Capacity from High Altitude Platforms With A Two-tier Cellular Architecture

Arum

Grace

Mitchell

2023

IEEE Trans. on Mobile Comput.

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Conventional coverage and capacity from a high altitude platform (HAP) over an extended coverage area suffer significantly from inter-cell interference (ICI), antenna beam broadening, and uneven cell loading, which results in poor edge performance. In this paper, we show how a single antenna array on a HAP can be used to mitigate against these and achieve ubiquitous coverage by forming two tiers of a homogeneous contiguous cellular structure. We propose separate algorithms that implement the two-tier architecture with many antenna beams, which are used to form cells, and associate users with an appropriate cell and tier. A user associates with the cell and tier, which offer the best carrier power-to-noise ratio (CNR) and carrier power-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (CINR) respectively. The performance of the architecture, which is evaluated using simulation, is compared with a typical one-tier architecture. The results show that the two-tier architecture achieves over 30% higher user throughput and enhances throughput fairness and edge-of-cell connectivity by centralising as many users as possible within cells compared to the typical one-tier architecture. These benefits are better exploited by ensuring spectrum orthogonality between the two tiers.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending Coverage and Capacity from High Altitude Platforms With A Two-tier Cellular Architecture

Arum

Grace

Mitchell

2023

IEEE Trans. on Mobile Comput.

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“…Today, the traffic overflow mechanism in telecommunications networks, defined as the so-called vertical call handover [7,8], is mainly used to optimize the use of resources that are offered by a number of different technologies that operate within the same area, as is the case with overlay networks [8,9]. As a result, a decision as to whether connections are to be redirected (overflow traffic) is frequently related not so much to the mobility of users but rather to the pursuit of operators to obtain required load (e.g., balanced/sustainable) for individual networks operating with different technologies or redirecting connections to resources that are optimal from a point of view of a service that is being executed (traffic class).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, a decision as to whether connections are to be redirected (overflow traffic) is frequently related not so much to the mobility of users but rather to the pursuit of operators to obtain required load (e.g., balanced/sustainable) for individual networks operating with different technologies or redirecting connections to resources that are optimal from a point of view of a service that is being executed (traffic class). It follows from the practice of many mobile network operators that for overlay networks, composed of picocells, microcells, and macrocells, one of the most frequently executed call admission policies is to treat cells with a larger range (macrocells) as cells that service traffic that could not be serviced in cells with a lower range (picocells, microcells) [7,[9][10][11][12]. When this is the case, traffic redirected to a macrocell is then overflow traffic with different characteristics from traffic offered directly to the network by users [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Increasing the Accuracy of Modeling Multi-Service Overflow Systems with Erlang-Engset-Pascal Streams

2021

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In this article, we present an analysis of the accuracy level of methods for modeling the multi-service overflow systems that service Erlang, Engset, and Pascal traffic. In systems with traffic overflow, new calls that cannot be serviced by the primary resources are overflown (directed) to other available resources that can service a given call, that is, to the secondary resources (alternative resources). In the article, we focus on studying the influence of methods for determining the parameters of traffic that overflows to the secondary resources on the accuracy of determining the traffic characteristics of overflow systems. Our analysis revealed that the main source of the inaccuracy of the existing methods is their approach to determining both the average value and the variance of multi-service Pascal traffic streams offered to the secondary resources. Therefore, we proposed a new method for determining the parameters of Pascal overflow traffic. The method is based on the decomposition of multi-service primary resources into single-service resources and the subsequent conversion of Engset and Pascal streams into equivalents of Erlang traffic. The results of the analytical calculations obtained on the basis of the new method are then compared with the results of simulation experiments for a number of selected structures of overflow systems that service Erlang, Engset, and Pascal traffic. The results of the study indicate that the proposed theoretical model has a significantly higher accuracy than the models proposed in the literature. The method can be used in the analysis, dimensioning, and optimization of multi-service telecommunication systems composed of separated resources, for example, mobile cellular systems.

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“…This new technology, the Picocell, is a low-powered operator-deployed base station, and it has the ability to improve the coverage of hot spots and cell edge with a 10-200 m radius (Kumar, Kalyani, & Giridhar, 2015;Wu, Murherjee, & Ghosal, 2004). This technology prevents transmission from reaching the ground and eliminates the interference with the ground network (Lopano, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Distraction of Cell Phone Conversations to In-Person Conversations on a Simulated Commercial Flight

Li¹,

Dattel²

2018

IJAAA

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Hierarchical architectures in the third-generation-cellular Network

Cited by 63 publications

References 34 publications

Extending Coverage and Capacity from High Altitude Platforms With A Two-tier Cellular Architecture

Extending Coverage and Capacity from High Altitude Platforms With A Two-tier Cellular Architecture

On Increasing the Accuracy of Modeling Multi-Service Overflow Systems with Erlang-Engset-Pascal Streams

Comparing the Distraction of Cell Phone Conversations to In-Person Conversations on a Simulated Commercial Flight

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