Hierarchical level of detail for varied animated crowds

Toledo, Leonel; Gyves, Oriam De; Rudomín, Isaac

doi:10.1007/s00371-014-0975-9

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The pseudoinstancing technique minimizes the amount of data duplication by sharing vertices and triangles among all instances, but it does not support LOD on a per-instance level [44,52]. The point-based technique renders a complex geometry by using a dense of sampled points in order to reduce the computational cost in rendering [53,54]. The pseudo-instancing technique does not support View-Frustum Culling.…”

Section: Comparison and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Large Crowd Rendering with Efficient Character and Instance Management on GPU

Dong

Peng

2019

International Journal of Computer Games Technology

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Achieving the efficient rendering of a large animated crowd with realistic visual appearance is a challenging task when players interact with a complex game scene. We present a real-time crowd rendering system that efficiently manages multiple types of character data on the GPU and integrates seamlessly with level-of-detail and visibility culling techniques. The character data, including vertices, triangles, vertex normals, texture coordinates, skeletons, and skinning weights, are stored as either buffer objects or textures in accordance with their access requirements at the rendering stage. Our system preserves the view-dependent visual appearance of individual character instances in the crowd and is executed with a fine-grained parallelization scheme. We compare our approach with the existing crowd rendering techniques. The experimental results show that our approach achieves better rendering performance and visual quality. Our approach is able to render a large crowd composed of tens of thousands of animated instances in real time by managing each type of character data in a single buffer object.

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Section: Comparison and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Large Crowd Rendering with Efficient Character and Instance Management on GPU

Dong

Peng

2019

International Journal of Computer Games Technology

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“…Hernández et al implemented a dynamic LoD selection and view frustum culling on the GPU, by using the new transform feedback mechanism [HR11]. More recently Toledo et al implemented a tiling of the environment, tagging each agent with the code of the tile they are occupying, and making it easy and fast to dynamically update it [TDGR14]. The tagged code allows for a fast distance computation to the camera and LoD selection.…”

Section: Lod Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toledo et al . presented a system where an additional skeleton contains an octree per limb [TDGR14]. Each level of the octree represents a different LoD, and animations can be automatically transferred to each node, thus reducing the memory consumption (see Figure ).…”

Section: Level‐of‐detail Representations For Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey of Real‐Time Crowd Rendering

Beacco

Pelechano

Andújar

2015

Computer Graphics Forum

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In this survey we review, classify and compare existing approaches for real-time crowd rendering. We first overview character animation techniques, as they are highly tied to crowd rendering performance, and then we analyze the state of the art in crowd rendering. We discuss different representations for level-of-detail (LoD) rendering of animated characters, including polygon-based, point-based, and image-based techniques, and review different criteria for runtime LoD selection. Besides LoD approaches, we review classic acceleration schemes, such as frustum culling and occlusion culling, and describe how they can be adapted to handle crowds of animated characters. We also discuss specific acceleration techniques for crowd rendering, such as primitive pseudo-instancing, palette skinning, and dynamic key-pose caching, which benefit from current graphics hardware. We also address other factors affecting performance and realism of crowds such as lighting, shadowing, clothing and variability. Finally we provide an exhaustive comparison of the most relevant approaches in the field.

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“…The combination of these structures allows us to render several thousands of varied characters within a crowd, for instance, crowds up to a quarter million characters are achievable at interactive frame rates using these structures. Extra details on the technique can be found in Toledo et al [17].…”

Section: Hierarchical Structures For Level Of Detail For Varied Animamentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating and Visualizing Real-Time Crowds on GPU Clusters

Hernández

Pérez

Rudomín

et al. 2015

CyS

Self Cite

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We present a set of algorithms for simulating and visualizing real-time crowds in GPU (Graphics Processing Units) clusters. First we present crowd simulation and rendering techniques that take advantage of single GPU machines. Then, using as an example a wandering crowd behavior simulation algorithm, we explain how this kind of algorithms can be extended for their use in GPU cluster environments. We also present a visualization architecture that renders the simulation results using detailed 3D virtual characters. This architecture is adaptable in order to support the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) infrastructure. The results show that our algorithms are scalable in different hardware platforms including embedded systems, desktop GPUs, and GPU clusters, in particular, the BSC's Minotauro cluster.

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Hierarchical level of detail for varied animated crowds

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Real-Time Large Crowd Rendering with Efficient Character and Instance Management on GPU

Real-Time Large Crowd Rendering with Efficient Character and Instance Management on GPU

A Survey of Real‐Time Crowd Rendering

Simulating and Visualizing Real-Time Crowds on GPU Clusters

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