Hierarchical parameterization and compression-based object modelling of high net:gross but poorly amalgamated deep-water lobe deposits

Abstract

Deep-water lobe deposits are arranged hierarchically and can be characterized by high net:gross ratios but poor sand connectivity due to thin, but laterally extensive, shale layers. This heterogeneity makes them difficult to represent in standard full-field object-based models, since the sands in an object-based model are not stacked compensationally and become connected at a low net:gross ratio. The compression algorithm allows the generation of low-connectivity object-based models at high net:gross ratios, by including the net:gross and amalgamation ratios as independent input parameters. Object-based modelling constrained by the compression algorithm has been included in a recursive workflow, permitting the generation of realistic models of hierarchical lobe deposits. Representative dimensional and stacking parameters collected at four different hierarchical levels have been used to constrain a 250 m-thick, 14 km2 model that includes hierarchical elements ranging from 20 cm-thick sand beds to more than 30 m-thick lobe complexes. Sand beds and the fine-grained units are represented explicitly in the model, and the characteristic facies associations often used to parameterize lobe deposits are emergent from the modelling process. The model is subsequently resampled without loss of accuracy for flow simulation, and results show clearly the influence of the hierarchical heterogeneity on drainage and sweep efficiency during a water-flood simulation.

Compression-based Facies Modelling

“…This is an inevitable consequence of applying different compression factors across lateral facies transitions, and has been discussed by Manzocchi et al. ( 2020 ) and Walsh and Manzocchi ( 2021a ).…”

“…That work focuses on the Amalgamation Ratio as the fundamental measure of connectivity, and hence the method is better developed for hierarchical object-based rather than pixel-based models (Manzocchi et al. 2020 ; Soni et al. 2020 ).…”

“…2015 ; Manzocchi et al. 2020 ). Although flexible and geometrically accurate, that approach is extremely complicated and only suitable to object-based models.…”

Compression-Based Modelling Honouring Facies Connectivity in Diverse Geological Systems

“…The objectives of this contribution are to demonstrate an important limitation in object-and pixel-based facies modelling with respect to facies connectivity, and to highlight the main features of the compression-based modelling method developed to overcome this limitation. Further details of the method can be found elsewhere [1][2][3].…”