Hierarchical Porous Cellulosic Triboelectric Materials for Extreme Environmental Conditions

Abstract

advanced materials with natural hierarchical structures have attracted considerable attention from researchers. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] As an inexhaustible and sustainable resource, biomass materials show advantages in the development of highperformance structural materials due to their special hierarchical and porous structure. [25][26][27][28][29] The highly ordered hierarchical structure provides strong mechanical support for plant growth and promotes the vertical transportation of nutrients. The natural pore structure provides a channel for the exchange of material between adjacent cells and improves the energy storage efficiency of plants. [30,31] Inspired by this interesting organizational structure, researchers have developed composite advanced materials based on natural cellulose scaffolds, which is attracting attention in many fields such as energy storage, smart wearable electronics, [32][33][34] especially in the field of distributed micro-nano energy harvesting due to its special structure and excellent performance. [31,35] However, most bio-based composite materials still suffer from high-temperature decomposition, low-temperature brittleness, and even material decomposition, which severely limits their expansion and application in polar exploration, aerospace, and other extreme conditions. Therefore, it is still a great challenge to develop triboelectric functional materials with high efficiency, environmental stability, and rich sensing types.Compared with other biomass materials, bamboo, as a natural composite material, has a special functional gradient, in which the main components include lignin and cellulose. [36] In bamboo, fiber cells with various orientations composed of cellulose transport sufficient nutrients for the growth of lignin, while lignin provides adhesion and physical defense for the growth of fiber cells. Inspired by the "mutual benefit and winwin" model of natural bamboo, this research reports a simple and mild "three-step" strategy to the in situ growth of polyaniline (PANI) in bulk bamboo-derived cellulose scaffolds to construct hierarchical porous Bamboo/PANI triboelectric materials (BPTM) with continuous conductive pathways. The hierarchical porous cellulose scaffold constructed in this work enables abundant nucleation sites for the growth of PANI without complicated processes. Additionally, the hierarchical porous structure derived from natural bamboo allows the triboelectric charge to be distributed not only on the contact surface but also Synthetic polymer materials such as paraformaldehyde and polyamides are widely used in the field of energy engineering. However, they pose a challenge to environmental sustainability because they are derived from petrochemicals that are non-renewable and difficult to degrade in the natural environment. The development of high-performance natural alternatives is clearly emerging as a promising mitigation option. Inspired by natural bamboo, this research reports a "three-step" strategy for the large-scale production of triboelectric ...

Spatial Distribution of Microplastics in Water and Sediments of Main Rivers in Taihu Lake Basin

“…Seven major microplastic components were detected in the water samples from the inlet rivers with significant differences between component groups and with POM accounting for the highest percentage at 34.66% and silicone accounting for the lowest at 2.23%; the results were as follows: POM (34.66%) > PU (29.49%) > ALK (13.37%) > PE (5.46%) > PET (5.15%) > PVC (2.59%) > silicone (2.23%) (Supplement Figure 5). The results indicate that POM and PU make up the major part of the microplastic composition, and these two components are mainly used in industrial and agricultural production. , The sources of the different microplastic fractions in the water bodies flowing into Taihu Lake also vary slightly. Figure a shows that the sources of PVC, POM, PU, and PET in the water bodies are more homogeneous, while the silicone resin in the water bodies flowing into the rivers of Taihu Lake mainly originates from Caoqiao River, PE mainly originates from Dapu Port, and ALK mainly originates from Wujin Port.…”

Fabrication of Advanced Cellulosic Triboelectric Materials via Dielectric Modulation

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 238 ] Copyright 2022, Wiley‐VCH. e) The network structure in the cellulose paper facilitates the loading of PEI.…”

“…[236] The cellulose network structure formed by the interwoven fibers can increase the filler loading. [237] Inspired by natural bamboo, Zhao et al [238] prepared a unique bamboo/polyaniline (PANI) triboelectric material with a hierarchical porous structure (Figure 9d). The hierarchical porous structure provides a template for the construction of 3D conductive networks, enhancing the triboelectric properties of the material and enabling it to maintain stable and efficient power output in extreme environments.…”

Sustainable Triboelectric Materials for Smart Active Sensing Systems

“…[21,99] Cellulose is a biopolymer that decomposes at high temperatures but generally has good thermal stability at temperatures of 300 °C. [100] Zhao et al [101] reported the production of triboelectric materials with special nanostructures from natural bamboo, demonstrating that the materials maintain high stability under extreme environments such as high temperature (200 °C), low temperature (−196 °C), and combustion environment. The research provides new research ideas for the construction and application of biomass structured materials under extreme environmental conditions.…”