Hierarchical Proteinosomes for Programmed Release of Multiple Components

Abstract

A facile route to hierarchically organized multicompartmentalized proteinosomes based on a recursive Pickering emulsion procedure using amphiphilic protein-polymer nanoconjugate building blocks is described. The number of incarcerated guest proteinosomes within a single host proteinosome is controlled, and enzymes and genetic polymers encapsulated within targeted subcompartments to produce chemically organized multi-tiered structures. Three types of spatiotemporal response-retarded concomitant release, synchronous release or hierarchical release of dextran and DNA-are demonstrated based on the sequential response of the host and guest membranes to attack by protease, or through variations in the positioning of disulfide-containing cross-links in either the host or guest proteinosomes integrated into the nested architectures. Overall, our studies provide a step towards the construction of hierarchically structured synthetic protocells with chemically and spatially integrated proto-organelles.

Nanoparticle Assembly at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces: From the Nanoscale to Mesoscale

“…Also, the interior hydrogel could constantly grow to form a continuous outer wall that was chemically resistant to protease‐mediated disassembly. Very recently, by a multistep or a single‐step route, multicompartmentalized proteinosomes were produced. The nested proteinosomes could organize diverse components into a spatial arrangement without chemical interference.…”

Glucosomes: Glycosylated Vesicle‐in‐Vesicle Aggregates in Water from pH‐Responsive Microbial Glycolipid

“…[1,2] Unfortunately,c lassical liposomes have one major drawback that concerns their stability throughout the delivery process and leach-ing of the cargo due to destabilization or degradation of the bilayer membrane by the action of enzymes, such as phospholipase A2. [3] To overcome such problems and to make more stable liposomes, severaln ew technologies have been studied, and these include, among others, the development of vesosomes( liposomes-in-liposomeso rm ulticompartmentl iposomes), [1,[3][4][5] polymersomes (polymer-based capsules), [6] capsosomes (liposome-containingp olyelectrolyte capsules), [7] proteinosomes (multicompartment protein-polymer conjugates), [8] and av ariety of stimuli-responsive vesicles [1] based on lipids, polymers, and their mixtures.…”

Independent Blue and Red Light Triggered Narcissistic Self‐Sorting Self‐Assembly of Colloidal Particles

“…[5][6][7] Beyond this, as more and more bottom-up assembled synthetic cell-like compartments, which house different life functions are developed, their assembly into prototissues opens the door to perform tasks as a collective that are incompatible within a single compartment. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Moreover, as observed within a tissue, the spatial organization of different synthetic cells within the assembly determines the communication and material exchange between them. [14,15] not interfere with each other and react to orthogonal triggers.…”

“…Replicating self‐sorting with microscopic synthetic objects and controlling different subassemblies within the same mixture with orthogonal triggers is an ongoing challenge but would allow the assembly of smart, adaptive, and autonomous advanced materials . Beyond this, as more and more bottom‐up assembled synthetic cell‐like compartments, which house different life functions are developed, their assembly into prototissues opens the door to perform tasks as a collective that are incompatible within a single compartment . Moreover, as observed within a tissue, the spatial organization of different synthetic cells within the assembly determines the communication and material exchange between them …”