Hierarchical structures of β-TCP/45S5 bioglass hybrid scaffolds prepared by gelcasting

Abstract

This paper investigates the microstructure and the mechanical properties of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) three-dimensional (3D) porous materials reinforced with 45S5 bioactive glass (BG). β-TCP and β-TCP/x%-BG scaffolds with interconnected pores networks, suitable for bone regeneration, were fabricated by gel-casting method. Mechanical properties, porosity, and morphological characteristics were evaluated by compressive strength test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microtomography analysis, whereas the structures were fully explored by XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time where the mechanism for understanding the effect of bioglass on the mechanical properties and microstruture of β-TCP/45S5-BG scaffolds has been systematically studied. The findings showed that ionic product lixiviated from 45S5 bioactive glass, rich in silicon species and sodium ion, catalyzes a phase transition from β-TCP to Si-TCP by replacement of phosphorus for silicon and contributes to the improvement of scaffolds mechanical properties. The compressive strength of β-TCP/5%-BG and β-TCP/7.5%-BG was improved around 200% in comparison to pure β-TCP. Osteoblast-like cells (MG 63) were exposed to the materials for 24h through the use of medium conditioned by β-tricalcium phosphate/bioactive glass. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay in the cells and the data obtained were submitted to ANOVA, Tukey׳s multiple comparison (p<0.05). The β-TCP/7.5-BG promoted an increase of cell proliferation. The results suggest that compositions and processing method studied may provide appropriate materials for tissue engineering.

Primary osteoblasts, osteoblast precursor cells or osteoblast‐like cell lines: Which human cell types are (most) suitable for characterizing 45S5‐bioactive glass?

“…Both, cell lines and primary cells are included (Gough, Clupper et al 2004;Huang, Jayasinghe et al 2005;Jones, Tsigkou et al 2007;Deb, Mandegaran et al 2010;Fan, Kalia et al 2014;Xynos et al, 2000;Xynos et al, 2001) BMSC Primary Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (BMSC), early osteoblast precursor. 2012;Miola, Brovarone et al 2014;Hoppe, Brandl et al 2015;Porwal, Estili et al 2015;Lopes, Magalhaes et al 2016;Chan, Lew et al 2018;Thavornyutikarn, Feltis et al 2019) Saos-2 Cell line "Sarcoma osteogenic cells", derived from a 11-year-old Caucasian female osteosarcoma patient (Fogh, Fogh et al 1977). (Qazi, Hafeez et al 2017;Qazi, Berkmann et al 2018;Westhauser, Karadjian et al 2019) MG-63 Cell line Osteosarcoma cells, derived from a 13-year-old male Caucasian patient (Billiau, Edy et al 1977;Czekanska, Stoddart et al 2012).…”

“…(Price, Bendall et al 1997;Ferraz, Knowles et al 1999;Itala, Ylanen et al 2002;Vitale-Brovarone, Verne et al 2007;Lopes, Ferreira et al 2011;Wang, Falk et al 2011;Gong, Dong etal. 2012;Miola, Brovarone et al 2014;Hoppe, Brandl et al 2015;Porwal, Estili et al 2015;Lopes, Magalhaes et al 2016;Chan, Lew et al 2018;Thavornyutikarn, Feltis et al 2019) Saos-2 Cell line "Sarcoma osteogenic cells", derived from a 11-year-old Caucasian female osteosarcoma patient (Fogh, Fogh et al 1977). (Mayr-Wohlfart, Fiedler et al 2001;Alcaide, Portoles et al 2010;Baino, Fiorilli et al 2012;Boccardi, Philippartet al 2016;Gao, Aro et al 2001;Perez-Tanoira, Kinnari et al 2015) HOS Cell line "Homo sapiens bone osteosarcoma cells", derived from a 13-year-old female Caucasian osteosarcoma patient (Rousseau, Lamoureux et al 2010) (Ferraz, Knowles et al 1999;Padilla, Sanchez;Salcedo et al 2005;Bretcanu, Misra et al 2009;Raucci, Adesanya et al 2010;Milkovic, Hoppe et al 2014)…”

In vitro and in vivo osteogenic potential of niobium‐doped 45S5 bioactive glass: A comparative study

“…Both allografts and xenografts possess potential risk of disease transmission, unpredictable resorption rate, and graft rejection. To overcome these challenges, synthetic materials have been developed, and bioactive glass–ceramics are therefore of great importance (Kushwaha et al, ; Lopes et al, ; Lopes, Bueno, Mazali, & Bertran, ; Lopes, Magalhaes, Gouveia, et al, ; Lopes, Mazali, Landers, & Bertran, ).…”

Repair of a critical‐size segmental rabbit femur defect using bioglass‐β‐TCP monoblock, a vascularized periosteal flap and BMP‐2

“…However, the low degradability of bioglass critically limits its use in treating segmental bone defects. Based on these studies, it has been rationally hypothesized that a composite composed of β‐TCP and bioglass may provide the desired material properties . However, bone ingrowth into such a composite and its material degradability in vivo , especially its potential for repairing segmental bone defects, have not been well investigated.…”