Hierarchically Porous Carbon Nanofibers Encapsulating Carbon‐Coated Mini Hollow FeP Nanoparticles for High Performance Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries

Abstract

Metal phosphides are appealing candidates for lithium and sodium ion batteries due to their moderate discharge plateau, relatively low polarization and impressive theoretical capacity. Unfortunately, the poor capacity retention and limited cycle life are still big problems as for other phase‐transformation‐type anode materials. Herein, we report a novel one‐dimensional hierarchical material, consisting of carbon‐coated mini hollow FeP nanoparticles homogeneously encapsulated in porous carbon nanofibers (denoted as M‐FeP@C) through a low temperature phosphidation method. The M‐FeP@C hybrid nanofibers deliver high specific capacity, long cycling life stability (542 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 A g−1) and excellent rate capability for half and full lithium‐ion batteries. In addition, the M‐FeP@C hybrid nanofibers show 474 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 as an anode for sodium ion batteries. The outstanding electrochemical performance of the M‐FeP@C hybrid nanofibers for both lithium and sodium storage can be attributed to the advantageous embedding architecture between the mini hollow FeP nanoparticles and double carbon layers scaffold, which offer not only a continuous conducting framework and nanoporous channels for efficient diffusion and transport of ions/electrons, but also provide enough voids to alleviate the volume changes during cycling.

Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Flowerlike FeP Wrapped with N-Doped Carbon Possessing Improved Li+ Diffusion Kinetics and Cyclability for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…44,46,47 Additionally, two oxidation peaks at 1.15 and 2.44 V can be assigned to the reverse reactions of the above two reactions, respectively. 21,39,40,48 From the second scan, the reduction peaks have moved to 1.69 and 0.61 V, which mainly originate from the electrochemical activation as well as minor change of lattice size during the first cycle. 49 In the subsequent scans, there is no significant change in the peaks, revealing a good reversibility of the FeP@N,C hybrid.…”

Synthesis Strategies and Structural Design of Porous Carbon‐Incorporated Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…A graphene aerogel architecture was designed for the substrate for interconnection with the nanoparticles . Some other newly reported elements in metal phosphides, such as FeP, Sn 4 P 3 , CuP 2 , Se 3 P 4 , and GeP 5 also showed promising electrochemical properties with delicate structural designs and the participation of porous carbonaceous materials. It is reasonable to expect that more and more advanced synthesis strategies can be discovered and adopted for the improvement of metal phosphides in the near future.…”

Double Morphology of Co9S8 Coated by N, S Co-doped Carbon as Efficient Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…Diverse anode materials have been reported for their high theoretical capacity, such as transition-metal sulfides (TMSs) [9][10][11][12][13][14], transition-metal oxides (TMOs) [15][16][17][18], phosphides [19][20][21][22], and carbon composites [23][24][25][26]. Among them, cobalt-based MSs (such as CoS, CoS 2 , Co 3 S 4 , and Co 9 S 8 ) have attracted great attention for its near-metallic conductivity and easy accessibility [27][28][29].…”