2020
DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.08.024
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Hierarchically Structured Stretchable Conductive Hydrogels for High-Performance Wearable Strain Sensors and Supercapacitors

Abstract: A strategy of creating stretchable conducting hydrogels for emerging soft electronics is reported. With ice-templated low-temperature polymerization (ITLP), the conducting gel exhibited a hierarchical dendritic microstructure with mitigated nanoaggregation and significantly enhanced electrical conductivity and toughness. Using such gels, strain sensors presented a broad sensing range and high sensitivity for health monitoring. Stretchable solid-state supercapacitors demonstrated remarkable capacitance and flex… Show more

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Cited by 144 publications
(95 citation statements)
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References 47 publications
(60 reference statements)
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“…The applications of wearable devices range from the detection of human movements to force sensing to detection of small molecules. [117][118][119][120] For example, a wearable device on skin, a flexible silk fibroin patch with encapsulated enzyme served as substrate for a conducting polymer, which was photocrosslinked on top. This flexible and biodegradable skin like patch served as a free-standing electronic device.…”
Section: Wearable Devicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The applications of wearable devices range from the detection of human movements to force sensing to detection of small molecules. [117][118][119][120] For example, a wearable device on skin, a flexible silk fibroin patch with encapsulated enzyme served as substrate for a conducting polymer, which was photocrosslinked on top. This flexible and biodegradable skin like patch served as a free-standing electronic device.…”
Section: Wearable Devicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 15,16 ] The nonconductive elastic hydrogel scaffolds are often functionalized with conducting polymers like polypyrrole, polyaniline, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), and graphene for electrical conductivity, [ 17 ] using methods like infiltration by liquid‐/vapor‐phase and in situ polymerization. [ 18–27 ] However, the mass loading of conducting polymers by infiltration methods is relatively low (<10 mg cm −2 ), as monomers are barricaded by the semicontinuous pores to diffuse into the hydrogel. [ 18–22 ] Therefore, only thin hydrogel electrodes are best compatible with this method to gain sufficient conductivity and electroactive material.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 18–22 ] Therefore, only thin hydrogel electrodes are best compatible with this method to gain sufficient conductivity and electroactive material. The alternative in situ polymerization method can yield higher mass loadings; [ 23–27 ] however in particular cases, the solubility cap limits the maximum content of conducting polymers (e.g., pyrrole in water, PEDOT:PSS in water) in the aqueous solvent to stably coexist with the hydrogel monomers and the structure may vary significantly upon slight changes in the composition ratio. [ 23 ] “All‐conducting‐polymer” hydrogel electrodes have also been fabricated to show both flexibility and good conductivity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…However, the mixture of ionic liquid and solvent is hardly freestanding, making it scarcely possible to attach to the surface of an object ( Matsumoto and Endo, 2008 ; Gao et al., 2019 ; Wang, 2020 ; Zhou et al., 2019 ). An encapsulating container is essentially needed to confine the mixture of IL and solvent in a specific region which goes against rapid thermal transmission and also meets the leakage problem ( Chen et al., 2018 ; Yang et al., 2018b ; Lu et al., 2019 ; Zhao et al., 2020a , 2020b ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%