The Minimal Dilaton Model (MDM) extends the Standard Model (SM) by a singlet scalar, which can be viewed as a linear realization of general dilaton field. This new scalar field mixes with the SM Higgs field to form two mass eigenstates with one of them corresponding to the 125 GeV SM-like Higgs boson reported by the LHC experiments. In this work, under various theoretical and experimental constrains, we perform fits to the latest Higgs data and then investigate the phenomenology of Higgs boson in both the heavy dilaton scenario and the light dilaton scenario of the MDM. We find that: (i) if one considers the ATLAS and CMS data separately, the MDM can explain each of them well, but refer to different parameter space due to the apparent difference in the two sets of data. If one considers the combined data of the LHC and Tevatron, however, the explanation given by the MDM is not much better than the SM, and the dilaton component in the 125-GeV Higgs is less than about 20% at 2σ level.(ii) The current Higgs data have stronger constrains on the light dilaton scenario than on the heavy dilaton scenario. (iii) The heavy dilaton scenario can produce a Higgs triple self coupling much larger than the SM value, and thus a significantly enhanced Higgs pair cross section at hadron colliders. With a luminosity of 100 fb −1 (10 fb −1 ) at the 14-TeV LHC, a heavy dilaton of 400 GeV (500 GeV) can be examined. (iv) In the light dilaton scenario, the Higgs exotic branching ratio can reach 43% (60%) at 2σ (3σ) level when considering only the CMS data, which may be detected at the 14-TeV LHC with a luminosity of 300 fb −1 and the Higgs Factory.