Interleukin-4 (IL-4) shows species-specific activity due to species-restricted interaction with the IL-4 receptor a (IL-4Ra) chain. The second subunit of a functional IL-4 receptor, the common 7 chain (yJ, is more promiscuous, since human IL-4 is able to activate IL-4 receptor complexes containing either human or murine common 7 receptor chain (yJ. We have stably transfected factor-dependent mouse cells of myeloid and lymphoid origin with combinations of human IL-4Ra and yc derivatives. In these cell lines, both human and murine yc receptors as well as IL-4Ra chains from both species are simultaneously expressed. Both versions of' yc readily form ternary complexes with either human IL-4 and human IL-4Ra or murine I t -4 and murine IL-4Ra. Due to distinct ligand-binding properties of human and murine yL, the two receptor complexes can be activated preferentially by different mutant variants of human IL-4. The contribution of murine common 7 chain to human TL-4-induced signal transduction is suppressed by an inhibitory antibody directed to the extracellular domain of the mouse yC. We present evidence that the two IL-4R complexes functionally interfere with each other and compete for responselimiting signalling components.