“…In the heterodyne method (HM), the intensity measurements are replaced by phaseincrement measurements in the temporal domain, for each point in the pattern. To this end, one introduces a temporal carrier into the phase, ranging from hundreds of kilohertz (Kreis 1993, Massie et al 1979 to tens of megahertz (Lesne et al 1987). In interferometric techniques, this difference is obtained via a frequency shift in one or both wavefronts, by using, for example, Bragg cells (Massie 1980), rotating polarizing components (Rosenbluth and Bobroff 1990) and the transversal (Toyooka et al 1984) or rotational (Barnes 1987) movement of a grating.…”