High chloride concentrations in the soil and groundwater under an oak hedge in the West of France: an indicator of evapotranspiration and water movement

Grimaldi, C.; Thomas, Zahra; Fossey, Maxime; Fauvel, Yannick; Mérot, Philippe

doi:10.1002/hyp.7316

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This hypothesis can be verified using direct methods to evaluate transpiration such as sap flow measurements. The importance of the evapotranspiration in hedgerow system in temperate climate has been recently confirmed as revealed by the large increase of chloride in the soil below hedges, because of residual accumulation following tree root water extraction (Grimaldi et al , 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Soil water movement under a bottomland hedgerow during contrasting meteorological conditions

Ghazavi

Thomas

Hamon

et al. 2010

Hydrological Processes

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"Linear vegetation structures such as hedge tree networks (hedgerows), shelterbelts, and isolated trees play a major role on soil water transfer. Our objective is to evaluate the influence of a bottomland hedgerow on water flux in the saturated and unsaturated zones. Soil water movement was investigated in a hillslope crossed by a hedgerow using total water-potential gradients and shallow groundwater dynamics. Results of a dry year were presented by Ghazavi et al. (2008). In this study, we analyse a wet year and then compare the two contrasting years (dry and wet). During the 2 years, the soil located at the vicinity of the hedgerow developed a drier status than the surrounding soils. Water flux in the unsaturated zone was directed towards the hedgerow for a longer period during the dry year than the wet year. The duration of delayed rewetting of the soil decreased from 3 months for the dry year to 1 month for the wet year. Variation in water storage calculated over the study period was highest near the hedgerow and lowest far from the hedgerow. In the hillslope studied, hedgerow and stream proximity controlled water transfer. It is clear that the hedgerow controlled water transfer in the unsaturated zone throughout the year, except for the period when the soil profile was fully saturated. First, hedgerows control water transfer by increasing lateral transfer, which is related to high soil water potential gradients in its vicinity. These processes may increase capillary rise and decrease groundwater recharge near the hedgerow. Second, reverse hydraulic gradient (upward flux of water) occurred during the period of lowest groundwater level, mainly because of groundwater and stream connectivity. Processes related to hedgerow presence, such as delayed soil rewetting and flow towards the hedgerow need to be considered to quantify the impact of linear vegetation structures on water flux.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Soil water movement under a bottomland hedgerow during contrasting meteorological conditions

Ghazavi

Thomas

Hamon

et al. 2010

Hydrological Processes

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“…These values fit within a continuum of steadily increasing solute concentrations from 1985-1989to 2001to 2010. Chloride is an especially effective and widely used conservative tracer because it is biologically inactive and its catchment inputs are largely restricted to atmospheric deposition, thereby limiting the possible sources responsible for concentration increases (Hayashi et al, 1998;Grimaldi et al, 2009). Finally, the present-day pattern, whereby shrinking lakes have higher solute concentrations than stable and expanding lakes, was weak but not entirely absent in the 1980s, especially for Mg and Na.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pronounced chemical response of Subarctic lakes to climate‐driven losses in surface area

Lewis

Lindberg

Schmutz

et al. 2014

Global Change Biology

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Losses in lake area have been observed for several Arctic and Subarctic regions in recent decades, with unknown consequences for lake ecosystems. These reductions are primarily attributed to two climate-sensitive mechanisms, both of which may also cause changes in water chemistry: (i) increased imbalance of evaporation relative to inflow, whereby increased evaporation and decreased inflow act to concentrate solutes into smaller volumes; and (ii) accelerated permafrost degradation, which enhances sublacustrine drainage while simultaneously leaching previously frozen solutes into lakes. We documented changes in nutrients [total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP)] and ions (calcium, chloride, magnesium, sodium) over a 25 year interval in shrinking, stable, and expanding Subarctic lakes of the Yukon Flats, Alaska. Concentrations of all six solutes increased in shrinking lakes from 1985-1989 to 2010-2012, while simultaneously undergoing little change in stable or expanding lakes. This created a present-day pattern, much weaker or absent in the 1980s, in which shrinking lakes had higher solute concentrations than their stable or expanding counterparts. An imbalanced evaporation-to-inflow ratio (E/I) was the most likely mechanism behind such changes; all four ions, which behave semiconservatively and are prone to evapoconcentration, increased in shrinking lakes and, along with TN and TP, were positively related to isotopically derived E/I estimates. Moreover, the most conservative ion, chloride, increased >500% in shrinking lakes. Conversely, only TP concentration was related to probability of permafrost presence, being highest at intermediate probabilities. Overall, the substantial increases of nutrients (TN >200%, TP >100%) and ions (>100%) may shift shrinking lakes towards overly eutrophic or saline states, with potentially severe consequences for ecosystems of northern lakes.

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“…They reported that adsorption-like processes in soil organic matter, hydrology and microbial soil activity influence stream chloride concentration. Other studies reported local storage of chloride in soils, for instance under hedges due to higher evapotranspiration (Grimaldi et al, 2009), and in groundwater (Rouxel et al, 2011). Imbalances of the chloride budgets are also reported in catchments where land-use changes occurred (Guan et al, 2010;Oda et al, 2009).…”

Section: Annual Patternsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Solute transport dynamics in small, shallow groundwater-dominated agricultural catchments: insights from a high-frequency, multisolute 10 yr-long monitoring study

Aubert

Gascuel‐Odoux

Gruau

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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108

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Abstract. High-frequency, long-term and multisolute measurements are required to assess the impact of human pressures on water quality due to (i) the high temporal and spatial variability of climate and human activity and (ii) the fact that chemical solutes combine short-and long-term dynamics. Such data series are scarce. This study, based on an original and unpublished time series from the Kervidy-Naizin headwater catchment (Brittany, France), aims to determine solute transfer processes and dynamics that characterise this strongly human-impacted catchment.The Kervidy-Naizin catchment is a temperate, intensive agricultural catchment, hydrologically controlled by shallow groundwater. Over 10 yr, five solutes (nitrate, sulphate, chloride, and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon) were monitored daily at the catchment outlet and roughly every four months in the shallow groundwater.The concentrations of all five solutes showed seasonal variations but the patterns of the variations differed from one solute to another. Nitrate and chloride exhibit rather smooth variations. In contrast, sulphate as well as organic and inorganic carbon is dominated by flood flushes. The observed nitrate and chloride patterns are typical of an intensive agricultural catchment hydrologically controlled by shallow groundwater. Nitrate and chloride originating mainly from organic fertilisers accumulated over several years in the shallow groundwater. They are seasonally exported when upland groundwater connects with the stream during the wet season. Conversely, sulphate as well as organic and inorganic carbon patterns are not specific to agricultural catchments. These solutes do not come from fertilisers and do not accumulate in soil or shallow groundwater; instead, they are biogeochemically produced in the catchment. The results allowed development of a generic classification system based on the specific temporal patterns and source locations of each solute. It also considers the stocking period and the dominant process that limits transport to the stream, i.e. the connectivity of the stocking compartment. This mechanistic classification can be applied to any chemical solute to help assess its origin, storage or production location and transfer mechanism in similar catchments.

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High chloride concentrations in the soil and groundwater under an oak hedge in the West of France: an indicator of evapotranspiration and water movement

Cited by 34 publications

References 44 publications

Soil water movement under a bottomland hedgerow during contrasting meteorological conditions

Soil water movement under a bottomland hedgerow during contrasting meteorological conditions

Pronounced chemical response of Subarctic lakes to climate‐driven losses in surface area

Solute transport dynamics in small, shallow groundwater-dominated agricultural catchments: insights from a high-frequency, multisolute 10 yr-long monitoring study

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