High Choline Intake during Pregnancy Reduces Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rat Offspring Fed a High Fat But Not a Normal Fat Post-Weaning Diet

Hammoud, Rola; Pannia, Emanuela; Kubant, Ruslan; Metherel, Adam H.; Simonian, Rebecca; Pausová, Zdenka; Anderson, G. Harvey

doi:10.3390/nu13051438

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In addition to GPC, other supplements are available to ensure an adequate intake of choline (Table 2). One of the most used is choline bitartrate, which has shown favorable effects both in preclinical and clinical studies, especially in terms of improved cognitive function (67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73).…”

Section: Other Forms Of Choline Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choline supplements: An update

Kansakar

Trimarco²,

Mone³

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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In this comprehensive review, we examine the main preclinical and clinical investigations assessing the effects of different forms of choline supplementation currently available, including choline alfoscerate (C8H20NO6P), also known as alpha-glycerophosphocholine (α-GPC, or GPC), choline bitartrate, lecithin, and citicoline, which are cholinergic compounds and precursors of acetylcholine. Extensively used as food supplements, they have been shown to represent an effective strategy for boosting memory and enhancing cognitive function.

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Section: Other Forms Of Choline Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choline supplements: An update

Kansakar

Trimarco²,

Mone³

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…FAMEs were analyzed on a Varian 430 gas chromatograph (Bruker) equipped with a DB‐FFAP capillary column (30 m length × 0.25 mm diameter × 0.25 μm film thickness; Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA), as previously described (Hammoud et al, 2021; Metherel, Irfan, Chouinard‐Watkins, et al, 2019). Peaks were identified by retention times through comparison to an external FAME standard sample (GLC‐569; Nu Chek Prep Inc.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary triacetin, but not medium chain triacylglycerides, blunts weight gain in diet‐induced rat model of obesity

Cisbani,

Chouinard‐Watkins,

Smith

et al. 2023

Lipids

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Consumption of a Western diet (WD) is known to increase the risk of obesity. Short or medium chain fatty acids influence energy metabolism, and triacetin, a synthetic short chain triacylglyceride, has been shown to lower body fat under normal conditions. This study aimed to investigate if triacetin as part of a WD modifies rat weight and body fat. Male rats were fed a control diet or WD for 8 weeks. At week 8, rats in the WD group were maintained on a WD diet or switched to a WD diet containing 30% energy from medium‐chain triacylglyceride (WD‐MCT) or triacetin (WD‐T) for another 8 weeks. At week 16, rats were euthanized and liver, adipose and blood were collected. Tissue fatty acids (FAs) were quantified by gas chromatography (GC) and hepatic FAs were measured by GC‐combustion‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry for δ13C‐palmitic acid (PAM)—a novel marker of de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Rats fed WD‐T had a body weight not statistically different to the control group, and gained less body weight than rats fed WD alone. Furthermore, WD‐T fed rats had a lower fat mass, and lower total liver and plasma FAs compared to the WD group. Rats fed WD‐T did not differ from WD in blood ketone or glucose levels, however, had a significantly lower hepatic δ13C‐PAM value than WD fed rats; suggestive of lower DNL. In summary, we show that triacetin has the potential to blunt weight gain and adipose tissue accumulation in a rodent model of obesity, possibly due to a decrease in DNL.

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“…The effects of high-choline diet differed depending on the presence of obesogenic environment. Male offspring of dams fed a high-choline diet during pregnancy and weaned to a control diet exhibited higher body weight and cumulative food intake in adulthood [52, 53]. Consistent with these obesogenic phenotypes, hypothalamic expression of appetite-stimulating neuropeptide Y was higher and plasma leptin was lower at birth in addition to post-weaning changes including higher plasma leptin and hepatic C16:1 n -7/C16:0 ratio that indicates dysregulated fatty acid metabolism [52, 53].…”

Section: Programming By Cholinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Male offspring of dams fed a high-choline diet during pregnancy and weaned to a control diet exhibited higher body weight and cumulative food intake in adulthood [52, 53]. Consistent with these obesogenic phenotypes, hypothalamic expression of appetite-stimulating neuropeptide Y was higher and plasma leptin was lower at birth in addition to post-weaning changes including higher plasma leptin and hepatic C16:1 n -7/C16:0 ratio that indicates dysregulated fatty acid metabolism [52, 53]. When weaned to a high-fat diet, choline appears to provide metabolic benefits as demonstrated by reduced body weight and adiposity as well as improved indicators of glucose and fat metabolism [53].…”

Section: Programming By Cholinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with these obesogenic phenotypes, hypothalamic expression of appetite-stimulating neuropeptide Y was higher and plasma leptin was lower at birth in addition to post-weaning changes including higher plasma leptin and hepatic C16:1 n -7/C16:0 ratio that indicates dysregulated fatty acid metabolism [52, 53]. When weaned to a high-fat diet, choline appears to provide metabolic benefits as demonstrated by reduced body weight and adiposity as well as improved indicators of glucose and fat metabolism [53]. Another study showed that high maternal intake of choline protects against the effects of high-fat diet with differences observed in post-weaned male offspring [54].…”

Section: Programming By Cholinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Folate and Choline: Does It Take Two to Tango in Early Programming of Disease?

Chen,

Schwartz,

Cho

2023

Lifestyle Genomics

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Background: The early life period marks a critical time during which the health trajectory of offspring can be shaped by external influences including maternal nutrition. Folate and choline are water-soluble micronutrients important for fetal development and involved in one-carbon metabolism. Intakes above and below the recommendations commonly occur for both of these nutrients including over-consumption of synthetic folic acid due to widespread vitamin supplement uses and discretionary fortification practices, whereas choline is under-consumed by a majority of the populations including pregnant women. Despite these intake patterns, long-term impact on offspring health is largely unknown. Moreover, limited attention has been on the combined effects of folate and choline despite being metabolically interrelated as methyl nutrients. This review summarizes evidence from animal models and human studies investigating the role of inadequate or supplemental maternal intakes of folic acid, choline and combined effects of folic acid and choline as modulators of health and disease in offspring. With the recent rise in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, our primary measures of interest were metabolic outcomes. Summary: Studies examining the role of maternal folate and/or choline in metabolic phenotypes of offspring have mostly been conducted in animal models with a limited number of reports that consider folate and choline together. Interdependent relationship between folate and choline has been demonstrated in studies where a deficiency in one leads to metabolic aberrations in another. Both deficient and excess maternal intakes of folic acid (in varying doses) have been shown to increase risk of obesity and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in offspring but these findings were restricted to animal studies. Potential metabolic benefits of choline have been suggested in the presence of obesogenic environment but human data were sparse. An imbalanced intake of high folic acid and inadequate choline in the gestational diet created adverse consequences consistent with the obesogenic phenotypes whereas narrowing this imbalance with high choline blocked these effects. Mechanisms by which maternal folate and/or choline influence offspring outcomes may involve epigenetic modification of gene expression with DNA methylation that can be altered globally and gene-specifically. However, the effects of epigenetic programming were inconsistent, as compensatory changes in metabolic products may occur and other contributors including the gut microbiota may provide additional insights into the mechanisms. Key Messages: Folate and/or choline can impact offspring long-term health, with metabolic consequences that may arise from imbalances between folic acid and choline intakes. However, there is a paucity of mechanistic understanding as various contributors influence programming effects including those beyond epigenetics. As folate and choline are metabolically interrelated, future studies need to consider both nutrients to better elucidate metabolic programming of health and disease.

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High Choline Intake during Pregnancy Reduces Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rat Offspring Fed a High Fat But Not a Normal Fat Post-Weaning Diet

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Choline supplements: An update

Choline supplements: An update

Dietary triacetin, but not medium chain triacylglycerides, blunts weight gain in diet‐induced rat model of obesity

Folate and Choline: Does It Take Two to Tango in Early Programming of Disease?

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