High concentrations of myeloperoxidase in the equine uterus as an indicator of endometritis

Parrilla-Hernandez, S.; Ponthier, Jérôme; Franck, Thierry; Serteyn, Didier; Deleuze, Stéfan

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.01.011

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Among the latters, specific instrumental investigations, such as transrectal ultrasonography, vaginal and cervical exams, with both manual and endoscopic evaluation, and laboratory tools, such as uterine culture, endometrial cytology and biopsy, represent useful tools for the diagnosis of endometritis [17,58]. Recently, myeloperoxidase has been investigated as a uterine inflammatory biomarker, but the relationship between its concentration and pathologic uterine conditions needs further studies [59]. To increase the pregnancy rates in "problem" mares, the practitioner should dispose a quick and reliable diagnostic technique to start the best treatment as soon as possible in the breeding season [56].…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrasonography (US) has always been considered an accurate and essential step in the diagnostic workup of endometritis [56,59,66]. The monitoring function of US is as important as the diagnostic one, since mares with subclinical endometritis require careful daily checking post-breeding [17].…”

Section: Imaging Of the Reproductive System: Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A modified version of the subjective system described by Samper has been developed to score uterine edema: grade 0 coincides with the absence of edema; grade I, in which it is difficult to identify uterine folds; grade II, characterized by some of the endometrial folds detectable and a cervix with a fish-bone aspect; grade III, with endometrial folds, easily identifiable and characterized by hyperechoic borders and hypoechoic centers (cartwheel); and grade IV for mares with "hyperedema", in which thickened and bulging endometrial folds are abnormally thick, with hyperechoic border and marked central hypoechogenicity, and the normal architecture of the cartwheel is lost [59]. Cervical incompetence, abnormal vascular reaction to estrogens, a lymphatic pathology or an altered myoelectric activity are all possible non-inflammatory causes of hyperedema [17,59]. Thus, some edema patterns, such as excessive edema pre-or post-mating, or edema pattern that does not extend throughout the uterine wall, represent a pathological feature [17].…”

Section: Imaging Of the Reproductive System: Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, some edema patterns, such as excessive edema pre-or post-mating, or edema pattern that does not extend throughout the uterine wall, represent a pathological feature [17]. In particular, hyperedema has been considered the marker of uterine pathology when found during the estrus phase, independ-ently from the positivity of a uterine cytology, but not during the early estrus [59]. Sometimes uterine fluid and edema are associated, probably due to the severity of drainage deficiency [59].…”

Section: Imaging Of the Reproductive System: Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endometritis and Infertility in the Mare – The Challenge in Equine Breeding Industry–A Review

Pasolini¹,

Prete²,

Fabbri³

et al. 2016

Genital Infections and Infertility

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Most major infertility problems are complex and several factors can cause failure to produce offspring. In the last few years, much of the efforts of practitioners and researchers working in equine breeding industry have been directed to individuate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying poor reproductive performances in mares. Endometritis is on the talk in much of the recent research as the most frequent cause of subfertility in mares that cycle normally but do not conceive and in mares that cycle normally and conceive but then suffer early embryonic death. Post-breeding persistent endometritis, bacterial and other infective endometritis and poor uterine clearance have all been discussed in an attempt to define risk factors and a diagnostic algorithm. The aim of this chapter is to perform a thorough review of recent literature about endometritis. The diagnostic algorithms are carefully examined, highlighting pros as well as pitfalls of each diagnostic aid. Suggested therapeutic protocols are examined in the effort to detect what is actually recommended and what would better benefit from further corroboration. The idea that a better etiopathogenetical understanding of the endometritis remains the key to access to a correct diagnostic protocol and to a successful therapeutic plan will inspire this chapter.

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Section: Diagnosis Of Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imaging Of the Reproductive System: Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imaging Of the Reproductive System: Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imaging Of the Reproductive System: Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Endometritis and Infertility in the Mare – The Challenge in Equine Breeding Industry–A Review

Pasolini¹,

Prete²,

Fabbri³

et al. 2016

Genital Infections and Infertility

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“…The persistent inflammation may result in premature luteolysis. Ultimately, chronic inflammation results in degenerative changes within the endometrium and reduced fertility [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection and Infertility in Mares

Satué¹,

Gardón²

2016

Genital Infections and Infertility

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In cyclic mares, the uterine environment can easily disturbed due to inflammatory processes that occur secondary to microbial invasion. Different aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can enter the uterus during natural mating, artificial insemination, reproductive examination or parturition. The postpartum period is a critical phase since due to relaxation of the uterus and cervix may favor recurrent infections air intake pneumovagina or urine collection in mares with poor perineal conformation. Infections are mainly caused by opportunistic or commensal microorganisms, such as Streptococcus zooepidemicus, hemolytic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Other microorganisms like Taylorella equigenitalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomona aeruginosa are transmitted through venereal route. Regarding to the fungal endometritis, the most common fungi include Candida and Aspergillus. These microorganisms cause infertility as a result of repeated inseminations during the breeding season and proliferate when the natural immune system is weakened in mares with advanced age and multiparous, or after repeated use of antibiotics. Indeed, in susceptible mare to endometritis, uterine defense mechanisms involving phagocytosis and opsonization by neutrophils, local synthesis of antibodies, mucociliary activity, vascular and myoelectric activity permeability are compromised, leading to fluid accumulation in response to inflammation and infertility.

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