High Degree of Differentiation and Enrichment of Li, Rb and Cs in Potassic-Ultrapotassic Volcanic Rocks: An Example from the Lhasa Block, Tibet

Che, Dong; Zheng, Mianping; Zhao, Yue; Zhang, Zhaozhi; Ye, Chuanyong; Xing, Enyuan; Zhang, Xuefei; Li, Mingming

doi:10.3390/min13030342

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Based on our research, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) As is well known, there is no independent mineral of rubidium in nature, but rather potassium is substituted in the lattice of mica or feldspar in the form of isomorphism [26][27][28]. Lithium mainly exists in Li-rich mica [29][30][31]. The average Rb 2 O content in the mica samples from the two mining areas is relatively similar, with values of 0.55 and 0.53%, respectively (Figure 10).…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Mica and Feldsparmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Process Mineralogy of Lithium and Rubidium in the Diantan Polymetallic Mining Area, Tengchong, Southwest China

Ouyang,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

Minerals

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Highly differentiated granite often contains abundant key metal resources, such as lithium and rubidium. The Tengchong area of Yunnan hosts a large number of highly differentiated granites from the Cretaceous age. Among these, granite samples from the Diantan tin–lead–zinc polymetallic mining area exhibit Li contents exceeding 0.02% and Rb contents surpassing 0.1%. This suggests a promising potential for Li and Rb mineralization. However, the occurrence status and process mineralogical characteristics of Li and Rb remain unclear, directly impacting the assessment of the region’s comprehensive utilization potential for these key metals. This study focuses on representative granite samples from the Diantan mining area to conduct petrographic and process mineralogical research, examining single mineral chemical composition, physical properties, element occurrence state, and mineral embedding particle size. The results indicate that mica minerals primarily contain Li, while both feldspar and mica minerals are the main carriers of Rb. Zinnwaldite not only contains the highest Rb proportion among the samples but also plays a significant role in Li occurrence. Based on the dissociation characteristics, it is recommended to grind the material to a fineness of −0.075 mm, comprising 80% of the particles, before proceeding to the final flotation process. This would result in approximately 95% dissociation of the mica in the sample. Since mica is predominantly distributed between quartz and feldspar particles, with relatively low binding force, it facilitates mineral dissociation during the grinding process. Therefore, the actual beneficiation process may consider a moderately coarser grinding fineness based on the aforementioned findings.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of Mica and Feldsparmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Therefore, the actual beneficiation process can moderately coarsen the selected grinding fineness based on our findings. Previous studies on the recovery rate of mica from the same type (granite type) and the same particle size [31,32] demonstrate that the recovery rate of Li 2 O in mica can exceed 90%.…”

Section: Particle Size Distribution Of Micamentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Mineralogy of Lithium and Rubidium in the Diantan Polymetallic Mining Area, Tengchong, Southwest China

Ouyang,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

Minerals

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“…The Rb/Sr ratios of basalt, andesite, dacite, and rhyolite are 0.22, 0.01-0.31, 0.09-6.55, and 0.48-3.75, respectively. They are higher than the corresponding ratio of the primitive mantle (0.029, according to Sun and McDonough, 1989) [31], indicating a high degree of magmatic differentiation and evolution [32]. The Rb/Sr ratios of basalt, andesite, dacite, and rhyolite are 0.22, 0.01-0.31, 0.09-6.55, and 0.48-3.75, respectively.…”

Section: Whole-rock Major and Trace Element Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 84%

In Situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology, Sr-Nd-Hf Isotope and Trace Element Analysis of Volcanic Rocks from the Gacun Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposit in Sichuan, China

Wang,

Yang,

Hou

et al. 2023

Minerals

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The Gacun deposit is a typical Volcanic Hosted Massive Sulfide (VHMS) associated with Late Triassic seafloor calc-alkaline felsic volcanics. Studies of zircon ages, petrology, major and trace element geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Hf isotope geochemistry of volcanic rocks from the Northern Yidun arc were undertaken in this paper. We reshaped the Gacun magmatic system activity time, defined the origin of magma evolution, and proposed a metallogenic model of the deposit. Whole-rock major element compositions of the magmatic rocks in the Northern Yidun island arc indicate that they are a complete basalt–andesite–dacite–rhyolite assemblage, showing three obvious stages of composition evolution. They are enriched in large-ion lithophile and light rare earth elements, but depleted in high field-strength and heavy rare earth elements, with weak-to-negligible Eu anomalies (obvious in rhyolite). These geochemical features indicate that the Northern Yidun island arc is a magmatic arc based on ancient continental crust. The Ganzi–Litang oceanic subduction induced mantle melting and produced calc-alkaline basaltic magma, while the MASH processes at the bottom of the crust produced andesitic magma. Part of the andesite magma erupted to form andesite lava. The remaining part was mixed with magma produced via anatexis of ancient crust (approximately 20%–40% of the ancient crustal component), forming the ore-bearing rhyolite. Zircon U-Pb age data defines Gacun magmatic–hydrothermal mineralization sequence of events: At 238 Ma, arc magmatism led to the formation of andesite in the eastern part of the deposit. At 233 Ma, in the arc zone (the western part of Gacun deposit), a large-scale bimodal magmatism formed the main ore-bearing rock series of Gacun deposit, rhyolitic volcanic rocks. At 221 Ma, volcanic eruptions tended to end and sub-volcanic intrusion occurred, forming a lava dome, which was located under the ore-bearing rhyolitic volcanic rocks. The lava dome acted as a thermal engine and promoted hydrothermal circulation. The hydrothermal activity reached a peak at 217 ± 1 Ma, and the Gacun VHMS deposit was formed.

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“…The collision between the Indian and the Eurasian Plates resulted in significant uplift of the QTP and extensive Miocene volcanic activity in its interior, making it an important source of these boron deposits [8,9]. The Xiongba Basin in QTP is characterized by the widespread occurrence of lacustrine volcanic-sedimentary boron deposits that are associated with large-scale Miocene volcanic rocks [6,10,11]. The source of B in this area is thus often linked to form through the leaching of volcanic rock by geothermal water and atmospheric precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Characteristics of the Volcanic Rocks Associated with Boron-Rich Deposits from the Xiongba Basin, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Chen,

Liu,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Geosciences

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The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) hosts significant lacustrine sedimentary boron-rich deposits, with the Xiongba Basin being a prominent region housing two large sedimentary boron-rich deposits. These deposits are closely associated with extensive Neogene volcanic rocks. This study investigates the origin and boron sources of Miocene volcanic rocks in the Xiangqu River area, located within the Xiongba Basin. The volcanic rocks in the basin comprise ultrapotassic andesites, ultrapotassic trachyte, potassic trachyte, and potassic trachyandeiste. The trace element content and the active/inert elements ratios of the studied volcanic rocks have indicated that they were generated in a subduction environment and were influenced by enrichment fluids derived from deep-sea sediments or altered oceanic crust during their formation. Accordingly, the studied volcanic rocks exhibit significant boron enrichment. The eruption of magma and subsequent hydrothermal activity released boron, which became the primary source for the lacustrine sedimentary boron-rich deposits within the basin. The arc-like trace element features (e.g., Nb-Ta depletion relative to La and K) and high B concentrations in these rocks were inherited from the mantle source, which had been enriched by melt/fluid of the subducted sediments. A two-stage evolutionary model is proposed to explain the enrichment of B in subduction environments, as well as the subsequent melting of the B-enriched source during a post-collisional setting. These findings highlight the potential for boron and lithium mineralization in similar volcanic rock-bearing regions across the QTP. Future exploration efforts in such areas could provide valuable insights into the formation processes of lacustrine sedimentary boron-rich deposits and contribute to the understanding of boron and lithium resource potential.

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High Degree of Differentiation and Enrichment of Li, Rb and Cs in Potassic-Ultrapotassic Volcanic Rocks: An Example from the Lhasa Block, Tibet

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Process Mineralogy of Lithium and Rubidium in the Diantan Polymetallic Mining Area, Tengchong, Southwest China

Process Mineralogy of Lithium and Rubidium in the Diantan Polymetallic Mining Area, Tengchong, Southwest China

In Situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology, Sr-Nd-Hf Isotope and Trace Element Analysis of Volcanic Rocks from the Gacun Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposit in Sichuan, China

Geochemical Characteristics of the Volcanic Rocks Associated with Boron-Rich Deposits from the Xiongba Basin, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

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