Post-collisional potassic-ultrapotassic volcanic rocks are widely developed in the Lhasa block, Qinghai-Tibet region. In this paper, it was observed for the first time that dilute alkali elements–Li, Rb, and Cs–exhibit supernormal enrichment in the research data of numerous potassic-ultrapotassic volcanic rocks in the Lhasa block. At the same time, there are few studies on the genesis of enrichment. Currently, 568 sets of published volcanic rock data and 8 sets of measured data in the Lhasa block are sorted in detail, and the genesis of dilute alkali element enrichment is explained by means of geochemical research methods. It is believed that the high degree of magmatic fractionation of potassic-ultrapotassic volcanic rocks in the Lhasa block is the main reason for the abnormal enrichment of dilute alkali elements such as Li, Rb, and Cs. The abnormal enrichment area is mainly located in the central and western parts of the Lhasa block with an age range of 25–13 Ma. The discrimination range of Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta with a high degree of differentiation of potassic-ultrapotassic volcanic rocks in the Lhasa block is divided by analogy with the research results of highly fractionated granites, which provides a reference for the study of the supernormal enrichment of dilute alkali elements in potassic-ultrapotassic volcanic rocks in this area.

Aluminum is globally the most used nonferrous metal. Clarifying the consumption of primary aluminum is vital to economic development and emission reduction. Based on the signal decomposition tool and S-curve model, a new hybrid complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN)-S-curve model is proposed to analyze primary aluminum consumption of different countries for the last 100 years. The results show that: (1) Per capita primary aluminum consumption can be decomposed into low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency components, contributing over 70%, 2–17%, and less than 9% to variability of consumption series, respectively. This can be interpreted as economic development represented by GDP per capita, shocks from significant events, and short-term fluctuations, respectively. (2) The CEEMDAN-S-curve shows good applicability and generalizability by using this model in different countries. (3) A new strategy is provided to analyze and predict the consumption pattern of primary aluminum. Furthermore, some important topics related to primary aluminum consumption are discussed, such as CO2 emission and recovery. Based on the results, to meet economic development and achieve sustainable development goals, some measures should be implemented, such as making policies, encouraging resource recovery, and developing new technologies.

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