2013
DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p033449
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High density lipoprotein as a source of cholesterol for adrenal steroidogenesis: a study in individuals with low plasma HDL-C

Abstract: The synthesis and secretion of adrenal steroid hormones for regulating stress responses, electrolyte homeostasis, and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics depends upon the availability of the precursor cholesterol ( 1 ). To secure a continuous cholesterol supply, the adrenal glands can synthesize cholesterol, metabolize intracellular esterifi ed cholesterol, or obtain cholesterol from circulating lipoproteins ( 1 ). Although exact data are lacking, plasma lipoproteins have been suggested to contribu… Show more

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Cited by 49 publications
(38 citation statements)
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“…Plasma lipoprotein deficiency in mice as a result of feeding with probucol is associated with decreased adrenal cortex cholesterol levels, a lower basal and stress-induced plasma glucocorticoid level (Hoekstra et al 2010). Recently, in low-HDL-cholesterol subjects, adrenal steroids have been reduced to about 30% of the normal values for controls due to insufficiency of the source for adrenal steroidogenesis (Bochem et al 2013). These previous studies and our results in this study support the hypothesis that reduction of adrenal steroidogenesis is due to adrenal cholesterol insufficiency, which might be caused by the reduction in serum HDL/cholesterol level in DES-treated rats.…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Plasma lipoprotein deficiency in mice as a result of feeding with probucol is associated with decreased adrenal cortex cholesterol levels, a lower basal and stress-induced plasma glucocorticoid level (Hoekstra et al 2010). Recently, in low-HDL-cholesterol subjects, adrenal steroids have been reduced to about 30% of the normal values for controls due to insufficiency of the source for adrenal steroidogenesis (Bochem et al 2013). These previous studies and our results in this study support the hypothesis that reduction of adrenal steroidogenesis is due to adrenal cholesterol insufficiency, which might be caused by the reduction in serum HDL/cholesterol level in DES-treated rats.…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…A genetic defect in proteins involved in the formation and cellular uptake of HDL-cholesteryl esters is associated with a diminished adrenal glucocorticoid output in experimental mouse models (Cai et al 2008, Hoekstra et al 2008, 2009) as well as in humans (Vergeer et al 2011, Bochem et al 2013. HDL-cholesterol thus appears to be of crucial importance for an optimal production of glucocorticoids by the adrenals in vivo.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Adrenal glands and gonads may preferentially use different sources of cholesterol (lipoproteins) for steroidogenesis. Human and rodent adrenals utilize HDL-C (Yang et al, 2004;Bochem et al, 2013); in contrast, testicular steroidogenesis mostly depends upon a continuous supply of cholesterol derived from either de-novo synthesis or from uptake of circulating LDL-C level (Dobs et al, 2000). Conversely, PS effectively reduced LDL-C levels, while HDL-C and triglyceride levels were not significantly altered (Moghadasian and Frohlich, 1999;Calpe-Berdiel et al, 2009).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%