High density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality. The Framingham Heart Study.

Wilson, Peter W.F.; Abbott, R D; Castelli, William P.

doi:10.1161/01.atv.8.6.737

Cited by 539 publications

(307 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The association observed with dyslipidemia was somewhat weaker than that demonstrated in the general population (34,(58)(59)(60). Although hyperlipidemia is associated with higher levels of inflammatory markers in healthy persons (61), there is limited evidence on whether it is associated with an increased risk of RA (62).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Cardiovascular death in rheumatoid arthritis: A population‐based study

Kremers¹,

Nicola²,

Crowson³

et al. 2005

Arthritis & Rheumatism

851

532

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Objective. To determine whether systemic inflammation confers any additional risk for cardiovascular death among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities.Methods. Using the population-based data resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, we assembled an incidence cohort of all Rochester, Minnesota residents ages >18 years who first fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology 1987 criteria for RA between January 1, 1955 and January 1, 1995. All subjects were followed up longitudinally through their complete (inpatient, outpatient) medical records, beginning at age 18 years and continuing until death, migration, or January 1, 2001. Detailed information on the occurrence of various cardiovascular risk factors (personal history of coronary heart disease [CHD], congestive heart failure, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, body mass index [BMI], diabetes mellitus, menopausal status) as well as indicators of systemic inflammation and RA disease severity (rheumatoid factor [RF] seropositivity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], joint swelling, radiographic changes, RA nodules, RA complications, RA treatments, disease duration) and comorbidities were collected on all subjects. Causes of death were ascertained from death certificates and medical records. Cox regression models were used to estimate the independent predictors of cardiovascular death.Results. This inception cohort comprised a total of 603 RA patients whose mean age was 58 years, of whom 73% were women. During a mean followup of 15 years, 354 patients died and cardiovascular disease was the primary cause of death in 176 patients. Personal history of CHD, smoking, hypertension, low BMI, and diabetes mellitus, as well as comorbidities, including peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, dementia, ulcers, malignancies, renal disease, liver disease, and history of alcoholism, were all significant risk factors for cardiovascular death (P < 0.01 for each

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Cardiovascular death in rheumatoid arthritis: A population‐based study

Kremers¹,

Nicola²,

Crowson³

et al. 2005

Arthritis & Rheumatism

851

532

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“…A low level of HDL is directly correlated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (Wilson et al, 1988). FECG recorded a dose dependent increment in plasma HDL levels in HFD fed rats (Table 2) that can be correlated with an increased plasma LCAT activity (Table 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Clerodendron glandulosum Coleb., Verbenaceae, ameliorates high fat diet-induced alteration in lipid and cholesterol metabolism in rats

Jadeja¹,

Thounaojam²,

Ansarullah³

et al. 2010

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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RESUMO: "Clerodendron glandulosum Coleb., Verbenaceae, melhora a dieta rica em gordura induzida por alteração no metabolismo de lipídios e colesterol em ratos." Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar a eficácia do extrato liofilizado das folhas de Clerodendron glandulosum Coleb., Verbenaceae (FECG), em alterar o metabolismo de lipídios e colesterol em ratos hiperlipidêmicos alimentados em uma dieta rica em gordura. Plasma e perfil lipídico hepático, lipídeos e enzimas que metabolizam o colesterol em tecidos-alvo e o conteúdo de lipídeos fecais totais e ácidos biliares foram avaliados em ratos normolipidêmicos e hiperlipidêmicos tratados com FECG. Os resultados foram comparados com a droga sintética hipolipemiante Lovastatina (LVS). Os resultados indicam que FECG foi capaz de regular positivamente a hiperlipidemia induzida experimentalmente por alteração significativa no perfil lipídico do plasma e tecidos. Estes resultados podem ser atribuídos à absorção reduzida, a eliminação efetiva e catabolismo aumentado de lipídeos e colesterol, possivelmente devido ao alto teor de saponina e fitoesteróis em C. glandulosum Coleb. Uso de extrato de C. glandulosum como um possível agente terapêutico contra a hipercolesterolemia e hipertrigliceridemia é indicado. Unitermos:Clerodendron glandulosum, Verbenaceae, hiperlipidemia, hipercolesterolemia. ABSTRACT:The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of freeze dried extract of Clerodendron glandulosum Coleb., Verbenaceae, leaves (FECG) on alteration in lipid and cholesterol metabolism in high fat diet fed hyperlipidemic rats. Plasma and hepatic lipid profiles, lipid and cholesterol metabolizing enzymes in target tissues and fecal total lipids and bile acid contents were evaluated in FECG treated normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic rats. These results were compared with synthetic hypolipidemic drug Lovastatin (LVS). Results indicate that FECG was able to positively regulate induced experimental hyperlipidemia by significant alteration in plasma and tissue lipid profiles. These results can be attributed to reduced absorption, effective elimination and augmented catabolism of lipids and cholesterol possibly due to high content of saponin and phytosterols in C. glandulosum. Use of C. glandulosum extract as a potential therapeutic agent against hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia is indicated.

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“…56 In the Framingham Heart Study, smoking rates were equal for each sex. 57 Another factor worthy of note in interpreting the data was that all female subjects from this Taipei sample were full-time workers; the working status of the Framingham subjects was not assessed in this study. The role of women's employment status as related to CUD risk is receiving increasing attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plasma lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels in Taipei and Framingham.

Lyu

Shieh

Ordovás

et al. 1993

Arterioscler Thromb

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We compared the plasma lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apoB, and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] concentrations in a low coronary heart disease (CHD) risk population (n=440) in Taipei with a high CHD risk population (n=428) in Framingham matched for age, sex, and menopausal status. Taipei men had significantly lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (-20 mg/dL, -14%,P<.01) andapoB (-7 mg/dL, -6%,P<.05) levels and significantly higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (6 mg/dL, 13%, P<.01) than Framingham men. Taipei women had significantly lower LDL-C (-18 mg/dL, -15%, / > <.01) and higher HDL-C (4 mg/dL, 7%, P<.01) levels than Framingham women. Median concentrations and distributions of Lp(a) by sex were similar in Taipei and Framingham. After adjusting for body mass index and smoking status, only differences in total cholesterol and LDL-C levels remained significantly different for both sexes between the two populations (P<.01). Gender differences for lipids within populations were similar. After adjusting for age, body mass index, and smoking status, women in both Taipei and Framingham had significantly lower mean triglyceride, LDL-C, and apoB levels and significantly higher HDL-C and apoA-I levels than men. Postmenopausal women in Taipei had significantly higher mean total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, apoA-I, apoB, and Lp(a) levels than premenopausal women (P<.05), whereas in Framingham postmenopausal women had significantly higher total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, and apoB levels than premenopausal women (P<.05). Our data are consistent with the concept that plasma lipoprotein cholesterol levels (especially LDL-C) but not apolipoprotein values explain some of the twofold difference in age-adjusted CHD mortality between these two populations. (Arterioscler Thromb. 1993;13:1429-1440 KEY

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High density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality. The Framingham Heart Study.

Cited by 539 publications

References 22 publications

Cardiovascular death in rheumatoid arthritis: A population‐based study

Cardiovascular death in rheumatoid arthritis: A population‐based study

Clerodendron glandulosum Coleb., Verbenaceae, ameliorates high fat diet-induced alteration in lipid and cholesterol metabolism in rats

Plasma lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels in Taipei and Framingham.

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