High‐density polyethylene foams. I. Polymer and foam characterization

Zhang, Yaolin; Rodrigue, Denis; Aı̈t-Kadi, A.

doi:10.1002/app.12821

Cited by 58 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A small amount of ADC is able to influence the cell morphology and, therefore, could be affecting the mechanical properties of the foam. For a given volume, the system will be more stable with fewer large cells rather than several smaller cells [16]. As expected, the dimensions of the cells in the foam were a strong function of the blowing agent concentration.…”

Section: Morphology and Structuresupporting

confidence: 66%

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Effects of parameter changes on the structure and properties of low‐density polyethylene foam

Zakaria¹,

Ariff²,

Sipaut³

2009

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Several parameters, such as crosslinking agent concentration, blowing agent concentration, and temperature, were varied to evaluate their effects on the structure and mechanical properties of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) foams. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was used as crosslinking agent, while azodicarbonamide (ADC) was utilized as the blowing agent at different levels. The formulations were prepared by using a thermostatically controlled heated two‐roll mill and foamed by using a compression molding technique via a single‐stage foaming process at three foaming temperatures (165, 175, and 185°C). The resultant LDPE foams were characterized and found to have a closed cell structure. The density and gel content increased proportionally with crosslinking level, whereas density decreased when ADC level and foaming temperature were increased. Another characteristic evaluated was the foam cell size decreased when the crosslinking level and foaming temperature were increased. In contrast, increasing the ADC concentration only gave a maximum cell size increase up to 6 phr that decreased when 8 phr of ADC was used. Results also indicated that compression stress increased proportionally with DCP level and decreased when ADC concentration and foaming temperature were increased. Impact studies on the prepared foams showed that their ability to absorb impact energy decreased with increasing crosslinking level, foaming temperature, and blowing agent concentration. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Morphology and Structuresupporting

confidence: 66%

“…At the same time, foam produced at this temperature had a more uniform cell distribution. Zhang et al [16] explained that at high foaming temperature, the cells are smaller because of the limited gas solubility in the poly- mer. It can be seen in Fig.…”

Section: Morphology and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of parameter changes on the structure and properties of low‐density polyethylene foam

Zakaria¹,

Ariff²,

Sipaut³

2009

Vinyl Additive Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Cell nucleation density (N 0 ), cell density (N f ), and average cell diameter N 0 is defined as the number of cells nucleated per cubic centimeter of unfoamed polymer and is given by 24,25 :…”

Section: Foam Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and properties of closed‐cell foam prepared from irradiation crosslinked silicone rubber

Liu

Zou

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Silicone rubber foam was prepared through crosslinking with electron beam irradiation and foaming by the decomposing of blowing agent azobisformamide (AC) in hot air. The crosslinking and foaming of silicone rubber was carried out separately, which was different from the conventional method of chemical crosslinking and foaming. After foaming, the silicone rubber foam was irradiated again to stabilize the foam structure and further improve its mechanical properties. The effects of irradiation dose before and after foaming, and the amount of blowing agents on the structure and properties of silicone rubber foam were studied. The experimental results show that with the increase of AC content, the average cell diameter of silicone rubber foam increases a little, the foam density decreases to a minimum value when AC content is 10 phr. With the increase of irradiation dose before foaming from 10 to 17.5 kGy, the cell nucleation density of silicone rubber foam increases, the average cell diameter decreases, and the foam density increases. With the increase of irradiation before foaming, the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and the elongation at break of the silicone rubber foam increase. Through irradiation crosslinking again after foaming, the foam density is decreased and the mechanical properties of silicone foam are further improved.

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“…On the other hand, the energy minimization factor favors cell coalescence because a molten polymer with fewer and larger cells would be more stable than that with more and smaller cells. Moreover, the lower the melt viscosity of the polymer matrix was, the easier cell coalescence occurred, 24 resulting in the decrease in cell density. From Figure 3, it can be seen that the cells structure grew up with increasing foaming time.…”

Section: Composite Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of biodegradable foams from calcium carbonate reinforced poly(propylene carbonate) composites

Jiao

Xiao

Shu

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Biodegradable foams were successfully prepared from calcium carbonate reinforced poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC/CaCO 3 ) composites using chemical foaming agents. The incorporation of inexpensive CaCO 3 into PPC provided a practical way to produce completely biodegradable and cost-competitive composite foams with densities ranging from 0.05 to 0.93 g/cm 3 . The effects of foaming temperature, foaming time and CaCO 3 content on the fraction void, cell structure and compression property of the composite foams were investigated. We found that the fraction void was strongly dependent on the foaming conditions. Morphological examination of PPC/CaCO 3 composite foams revealed that the average cell size increased with increasing both the foaming temperature and the foaming time, whereas the cell density decreased with these increases. Nevertheless, the CaCO 3 content showed opposite changing tendency for the average cell size and the cell density because of the heterogeneous nucleation. Finally the introduction of CaCO 3 enhanced the compressive strength of the composite foams dramatically, which was associated with well-developed cell morphology.

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High‐density polyethylene foams. I. Polymer and foam characterization

Cited by 58 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of parameter changes on the structure and properties of low‐density polyethylene foam

Effects of parameter changes on the structure and properties of low‐density polyethylene foam

Structure and properties of closed‐cell foam prepared from irradiation crosslinked silicone rubber

Preparation and characterization of biodegradable foams from calcium carbonate reinforced poly(propylene carbonate) composites

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