High Dietary Magnesium Intake Is Associated with Low Insulin Resistance in the Newfoundland Population

Cahill, Farrell; Shahidi, Mariam; Shea, Jennifer; Wadden, Danny; Gulliver, Wayne; Randell, Edward; Vasdev, Sudesh; Sun, Guang

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058278

Cited by 65 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β were compared among groups using ANCOVA controlling for age, calorie intake, physical activity, serum calcium, serum magnesium, and BF%. Serum calcium and magnesium were taken into consideration as well because our previous studies have shown that they were associated with insulin resistance [35, 43]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High dietary selenium intake is associated with less insulin resistance in the Newfoundland population

et al. 2017

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As an essential nutrient, Selenium (Se) is involved in many metabolic activities including mimicking insulin function. Data on Se in various biological samples and insulin resistance are contradictory, moreover there is no large study available regarding the relationship of dietary Se intake with insulin resistance in the general population. To investigate the association between dietary Se intake and variation of insulin resistance in a large population based study, a total of 2420 subjects without diabetes from the CODING (Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics) study were assessed. Dietary Se intake was evaluated from the Willett Food Frequency questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were used for the measurement of glucose and insulin. Insulin resistance was determined with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analysis of covariance showed that high HOMA-IR groups in both males and females had the lowest dietary Se intake (μg/kg/day) (p < 0.01), being 18% and 11% lower than low HOMA-IR groups respectively. Insulin resistance decreased with the increase of dietary Se intake in females but not in males after controlling for age, total calorie intake, physical activity level, serum calcium, serum magnesium, and body fat percentage (p < 0.01). Partial correlation analysis showed that dietary Se intake was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR after adjusting for the Se confounding factors in subjects whose dietary Se intake was below 1.6 μg/kg/day (r = -0.121 for males and -0.153 for females, p < 0.05). However, the negative correlation was no longer significant when dietary Se intake was above 1.6 μg/kg/day. Our findings suggest that higher dietary Se intake is beneficially correlated with lower insulin resistance when total dietary Se intake was below 1.6 μg/kg/day. Above this cutoff, this beneficial effect disappears.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High dietary selenium intake is associated with less insulin resistance in the Newfoundland population

et al. 2017

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“…Patients with high magnesium intake (mean 597 ± 224.1 mg/day or 7.99 ± 3.6 mg/kg/day) had significantly lower HOMA-IR and insulin levels compared to medium and low magnesium intake. 22 Chronic magnesium supplementation was found to improve insulin response to glucose load and glucose disposal rate in hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies. 7,9 In a study by Wang et al, patients with T2DM who were in the upper quartile of magnesium intake (quantified through food questionnaires) had a mean HOMA-IR of 3 (a value of >3.6 interpreted as insulin resistant).…”

Section: Magnesium Intake Risk Of Diabetes and Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Magnesium Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Chua¹,

Cinco²,

Paz-Pacheco³

2017

JAFES

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Objective. To evaluate if magnesium supplementation, in addition to standard therapy, improves fasting blood sugar (FBS) and/or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to placebo or other comparator.Methodology. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Acta Medica Philippina, Health Research and Development Information Network (HERDIN) and references of reviewed journals from 1966 to July 2015 using the following search terms: "magnesium" OR "magnesium supplementation" OR "magnesium replacement", AND randomized controlled trial AND diabetes OR diabetes mellitus OR non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus OR diabetic OR diab* (with MeSH, where available). Studies were retrieved and rated independently using the standards provided by The Cochrane Collaboration. High quality trials were included in a systematic review and meta-analysis.Results. Of the 689 records screened, 10 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 studies in the metaanalysis. Pooled data showed a non-significant trend towards improvement in glycemic control in the magnesiumtreated group (mean difference -0.19, CI -0.58 to 0.21). There was a stronger but still non-significant trend in T2DM patients with hypomagnesemia (mean difference -1.16, CI -2.92 to 0.6).Conclusion. Routine magnesium supplementation for improvement in glycemic control in T2DM patients cannot be recommended based on data from included studies in this meta-analysis.

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“…However, as with any observational data, residual confounding likely remains, particularly given that the effects of obesity, dietary intake, and physical activity are difficult to fully characterize. Emerging data suggests that novel dietary factors, such as fiber 25 and magnesium 26,27 , as well as sleep patterns 28,29 , can effect insulin sensitivity, and were not fully accounted for in our analyses. Furthermore, we did not have information on specific vitamin D supplementation at the time of 25(OH)D measurement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with insulin resistance cross-sectionally but not longitudinally in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study

et al. 2013

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Background Despite extensive study, the role of vitamin D in insulin resistance and secretion remains unclear. Objective To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and indices of insulin resistance and secretion in older adults. Methods and Results Among 2134 participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study who were free from cardiovascular disease, we measured serum 25(OH)D concentrations in samples collected in 1992–1993. We examined insulin resistance and secretion using Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) estimates cross-sectionally and among 1469 participants who had repeated HOMA measures four years later (1996–1997). In cross-sectional analysis, each 10 ng/mL increment in 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a 0.09 lower adjusted HOMA-IR [95%CI (−0.17, −0.02), p=0.01]. However, baseline 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with change in HOMA-IR over 4 years of follow up (p=0.48). 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with insulin secretion, as determined by HOMA-β, in either cross-sectional or longitudinal analysis. Conclusions Circulating 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with lower insulin resistance in cross-sectional but not longitudinal analyses. Whether this reflects residual confounding in cross-sectional analyses or the short-term nature of the relationship between vitamin D and insulin sensitivity will require trials with repeated measures of these factors.

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High Dietary Magnesium Intake Is Associated with Low Insulin Resistance in the Newfoundland Population

Cited by 65 publications

References 34 publications

High dietary selenium intake is associated with less insulin resistance in the Newfoundland population

High dietary selenium intake is associated with less insulin resistance in the Newfoundland population

Efficacy of Magnesium Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with insulin resistance cross-sectionally but not longitudinally in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study

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