High diversity of plasmids harbouring blaCMY-2 among clinical Escherichia coli isolates from humans and companion animals in the upper Midwestern USA

Bortolaia, Valeria; Hansen, Katrine Hartung; Nielsen, Christine Ahl; Fritsche, Thomas R.; Guardabassi, Luca

doi:10.1093/jac/dku011

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Similar findings were reported in studies from the United States, Canada, and Norway (5,16,32). On the other hand, CMY-2-encoding plasmids identified in Danish dogs and Danish poultry showed limited diversity within the respective host species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The majority (n ϭ 12; 71%) of canine isolates harbored bla CMY-2 on IncI1-I␥/ST2 plasmids, also a predominant plasmid type in E. coli isolates from healthy dogs in France (33). This finding differs from reports of bla CMY-2 on a broad variety of plasmid types in canine isolates from the United States, Italy, and South Korea (16,28,34), highlighting geographical differences in regard to the plasmid vectors carrying bla CMY-2 in E. coli of canine origin. The reasons for these geographical differences remain unexplained, though they might be linked to different practices in antimicrobial use.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…In the Netherlands, highly related IncI1-I␥ and IncK plasmids harboring bla CMY-2 were found in human, broiler, and broiler meat isolates (14,15). Additionally, this resistance determinant occurs at high frequencies among E. coli isolates from dogs with an AmpC phenotype (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Host-Specific Patterns of Genetic Diversity among IncI1-Iγ and IncK Plasmids Encoding CMY-2 β-Lactamase in Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans, Poultry Meat, Poultry, and Dogs in Denmark

Hansen

Bortolaia

Nielsen

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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CMY-2 is the most common plasmid-mediated AmpC ␤-lactamase in Escherichia coli isolates of human and animal origin. The aim of this study was to elucidate the epidemiology of CMY-2-producing E. coli in Denmark. Strain and plasmid relatedness was studied in 93 CMY-2-producing clinical and commensal E. coli isolates collected from 2006 to 2012 from humans, retail poultry meat, broilers, and dogs. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and conjugation were performed in conjunction with plasmid replicon typing, plasmid multilocus sequence typing (pMLST), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and sequencing of selected bla CMY-2 -harboring plasmids. MLST revealed high strain diversity, with few E. coli lineages occurring in multiple host species and sample types. bla CMY-2 was detected on plasmids in 83 (89%) isolates. Most (75%) of the plasmids were conjugative and did not (96%) cotransfer resistance to antimicrobials other than cephalosporins. The main replicon types identified were IncI1-I␥ (55%) and IncK (39%). Isolates from different host species mainly carried distinct plasmid subtypes. Seven of the 18 human isolates harbored IncI1-I␥/sequence type 2 (ST2), IncI1-I␥/ST12, or IncK plasmids highly similar to those found among animal isolates, even though highly related human and animal plasmids differed by nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or insertion sequence elements. This study clearly demonstrates that the epidemiology of CMY-2 can be understood only by thorough plasmid characterization. To date, the spread of this ␤-lactam resistance determinant in Denmark is mainly associated with IncK and IncI1-I␥ plasmids that are generally distributed according to host-specific patterns. These baseline data will be useful to assess the consequences of the increasing human exposure to CMY-2-producing E. coli via animal sources. IMPORTANCECMY-2 is the most common plasmid-mediated AmpC ␤-lactamase in Escherichia coli. This ␤-lactamase is poorly inhibited by clavulanic acid and confers resistance to cephamycins, third-generation cephalosporins, and aztreonam. Furthermore, resistance to carbapenems has been reported in E. coli as a result of production of plasmid-encoded CMY-2 ␤-lactamase in combination with decreased outer membrane permeability. The gene encoding CMY-2 generally resides on transferable plasmids belonging to different incompatibility groups. The prevalence of CMY-2-mediated cephalosporin resistance in E. coli varies significantly depending on the geographical region and host. This study demonstrates that the epidemiology of CMY-2 can be understood only by thorough plasmid characterization. To date, the spread of this ␤-lactam resistance determinant in Denmark is mainly associated with IncK and IncI1-I␥ plasmids, which are generally distributed according to host-specific patterns. These data will be useful to assess the consequences of the increasing human exposure to CMY-2-producing E. coli via animal sources. C MY-2 is the most common p...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

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Host-Specific Patterns of Genetic Diversity among IncI1-Iγ and IncK Plasmids Encoding CMY-2 β-Lactamase in Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans, Poultry Meat, Poultry, and Dogs in Denmark

Hansen

Bortolaia

Nielsen

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…This common context suggests that both bla CTX-M-64 and bla CTX-M-132 were generated in an IncI2 plasmid. IncI2 plasmids were not included in the original PBRT panel (16) and have not been well studied but have recently been found to harbor several other clinically important resistance genes, such as bla KPC (20) and bla CMY-2 (21).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

bla _CTX-M-1/9/1 Hybrid Genes May Have Been Generated from bla _CTX-M-15 on an IncI2 Plasmid

Liu

et al. 2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…detectable in members of Enterobacteriaceae recovered from various sources. The sizes of the plasmids varied from ϳ45 kb to ϳ200 kb (18)(19)(20)(21). IncA/C plasmids carrying bla CMY-2 with a similar size (ϳ150 kb) were mainly reported in E. coli and S. enterica (20).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Detection of AmpC β-Lactamase bla _CMY-2 on a Conjugative IncA/C Plasmid in a Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolate of Food Origin

Lin

Chen

et al. 2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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bVibrio parahaemolyticus is an important causative agent of gastroenteritis, with the consumption of contaminated seafood being the major transmission route. Resistance to penicillin is common among V. parahaemolyticus strains, whereas cephalosporin resistance remains rare. In an attempt to assess the current prevalence and characteristics of antibiotic resistance of this pathogen in common food samples, a total of 54 (17% of the total samples) V. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from 318 meat and seafood samples purchased from supermarkets and wet markets in Shenzhen, China, in 2013. These isolates exhibited high-level resistance to ampicillin, yet they were mostly susceptible to other antimicrobials, except for two that were resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The ␤-lactamase gene bla PER-1 was detectable in one strain, V. parahaemolyticus V43, which was resistant to both third-and fourth-generation cephalosporins. Compared to other bla PER-1 -positive V. parahaemolyticus strains reported in our previous studies, strain V43 was found to harbor an ϳ200-kb conjugative plasmid carrying genes that were different from the antimicrobial resistance genes reported from the previous studies. The ␤-lactamase gene bla CMY-2 was detectable for the first time in another V. parahaemolyticus isolate, V4, which was resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. This bla CMY-2 gene was shown to be located in an ϳ150-kb IncA/C-type conjugative plasmid with a genetic structure consisting of traB-traV-traA-ISEcp1-bla CMY-2 -blc-sugE-encR-orf1-orf2-orf3-orf4-dsbC-traC, which is identical to that of other IncA/C conjugative plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae, albeit with a different size. These findings indicate that the transmission of extendedspectrum-␤-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC ␤-lactamase genes via conjugative plasmids can mediate the development of extendedspectrum cephalosporin resistance in V. parahaemolyticus, thereby posing a potential threat to public health. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic Gram-negative bacterium and one of the most important seafood-borne pathogens worldwide. It is widely distributed in estuarine-marine environments and seafood products, often causing infections via the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood (1, 2). The most common symptoms of V. parahaemolyticus infections include gastroenteritis, diarrhea, headache, nausea, and vomiting. For children, the elderly, and people with suppressed immune systems, V. parahaemolyticus intestinal infections can be fatal (3). The pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus is always associated with the presence of the toxin genes tdh (encoding the thermostable direct hemolysin [TDH]) and its homolog trh (encoding the thermostable direct hemolysin [TDH]-related hemolysin) (4). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration estimates that approximately 4,500 infections occur per year in the United States, and over the past 15 years, outbreaks have been increasing in terms of scale and frequency (3). In recent years, the number of V. parahaemolyticus infecti...

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High diversity of plasmids harbouring blaCMY-2 among clinical Escherichia coli isolates from humans and companion animals in the upper Midwestern USA

Cited by 47 publications

References 18 publications

Host-Specific Patterns of Genetic Diversity among IncI1-Iγ and IncK Plasmids Encoding CMY-2 β-Lactamase in Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans, Poultry Meat, Poultry, and Dogs in Denmark

Host-Specific Patterns of Genetic Diversity among IncI1-Iγ and IncK Plasmids Encoding CMY-2 β-Lactamase in Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans, Poultry Meat, Poultry, and Dogs in Denmark

bla _CTX-M-1/9/1 Hybrid Genes May Have Been Generated from bla _CTX-M-15 on an IncI2 Plasmid

First Detection of AmpC β-Lactamase bla _CMY-2 on a Conjugative IncA/C Plasmid in a Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolate of Food Origin

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High diversity of plasmids harbouring blaCMY-2 among clinical Escherichia coli isolates from humans and companion animals in the upper Midwestern USA

Cited by 47 publications

References 18 publications

Host-Specific Patterns of Genetic Diversity among IncI1-Iγ and IncK Plasmids Encoding CMY-2 β-Lactamase in Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans, Poultry Meat, Poultry, and Dogs in Denmark

Host-Specific Patterns of Genetic Diversity among IncI1-Iγ and IncK Plasmids Encoding CMY-2 β-Lactamase in Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans, Poultry Meat, Poultry, and Dogs in Denmark

bla CTX-M-1/9/1 Hybrid Genes May Have Been Generated from bla CTX-M-15 on an IncI2 Plasmid

First Detection of AmpC β-Lactamase bla CMY-2 on a Conjugative IncA/C Plasmid in a Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolate of Food Origin

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bla _CTX-M-1/9/1 Hybrid Genes May Have Been Generated from bla _CTX-M-15 on an IncI2 Plasmid

First Detection of AmpC β-Lactamase bla _CMY-2 on a Conjugative IncA/C Plasmid in a Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolate of Food Origin