High domestic pig contribution to the local gene pool of free-living European wild boar: a case study in Poland

Dzialuk, Artur; Zastempowska, Ewa; Skórzewski, Radosław; Twarużek, Magdalena; Grajewski, Jan

doi:10.1007/s13364-017-0331-3

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…All hybridization cases described in the family Suidae were between the wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) and domestic pig ( Sus scrofa domesticus ). Although free-roaming domestic pigs are rare, hybridization with wild boars may occur in open domestic boar farms [ 93 ]. Cross-breeding with wild boars is also used intentionally by humans to obtain less aggressive and larger-sized animals, and to increase growth rate of offspring [ 93 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Hybridization in Mammals: A Systematic Review

Adavoudi¹,

Pilot²

2021

Genes

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Hybridization, defined as breeding between two distinct taxonomic units, can have an important effect on the evolutionary patterns in cross-breeding taxa. Although interspecific hybridization has frequently been considered as a maladaptive process, which threatens species genetic integrity and survival via genetic swamping and outbreeding depression, in some cases hybridization can introduce novel adaptive variation and increase fitness. Most studies to date focused on documenting hybridization events and analyzing their causes, while relatively little is known about the consequences of hybridization and its impact on the parental species. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review of studies on hybridization in mammals published in 2010–2021, and identified 115 relevant studies. Of 13 categories of hybridization consequences described in these studies, the most common negative consequence (21% of studies) was genetic swamping and the most common positive consequence (8%) was the gain of novel adaptive variation. The total frequency of negative consequences (49%) was higher than positive (13%) and neutral (38%) consequences. These frequencies are biased by the detection possibilities of microsatellite loci, the most common genetic markers used in the papers assessed. As negative outcomes are typically easier to demonstrate than positive ones (e.g., extinction vs hybrid speciation), they may be over-represented in publications. Transition towards genomic studies involving both neutral and adaptive variation will provide a better insight into the real impacts of hybridization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Hybridization in Mammals: A Systematic Review

Adavoudi¹,

Pilot²

2021

Genes

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“…Neither the DNA metabarcoding method nor common real-time PCR assays for pork allow distinguishing between wild boar and pork, yielding only information on the total ratio of wild boar and pork DNA. This is due to the fact that the genomes of the two subspecies are highly homologous and hybridization and back-crossings increased sequence homologies and intra-subspecies variability [39,40]. -: Not detected, r.s.…”

Section: Commercial Food Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Mammalian and Poultry Species in Food and Pet Food Samples Using 16S rDNA Metabarcoding

Preckel

Brünen-Nieweler

Denay³

et al. 2021

Foods

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The substitution of more appreciated animal species by animal species of lower commercial value is a common type of meat product adulteration. DNA metabarcoding, the combination of DNA barcoding with next-generation sequencing (NGS), plays an increasing role in food authentication. In the present study, we investigated the applicability of a DNA metabarcoding method for routine analysis of mammalian and poultry species in food and pet food products. We analyzed a total of 104 samples (25 reference samples, 56 food products and 23 pet food products) by DNA metabarcoding and by using a commercial DNA array and/or by real-time PCR. The qualitative and quantitative results obtained by the DNA metabarcoding method were in line with those obtained by PCR. Results from the independent analysis of a subset of seven reference samples in two laboratories demonstrate the robustness and reproducibility of the DNA metabarcoding method. DNA metabarcoding is particularly suitable for detecting unexpected species ignored by targeted methods such as real-time PCR and can also be an attractive alternative with respect to the expenses as indicated by current data from the cost accounting of the AGES laboratory. Our results for the commercial samples show that in addition to food products, DNA metabarcoding is particularly applicable to pet food products, which frequently contain multiple animal species and are also highly prone to adulteration as indicated by the high portion of analyzed pet food products containing undeclared species.

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“…Invasive pigs are known to successfully disperse in wild environments and cause considerable impact on the gene pool of native wild boar populations (Vernesi et al, 2003;Koutsogiannouli et al, 2010;Goedbloed et al, 2013b). Multiple countries have implemented management programs to reduce wild boar population expansion (Waithman et al, 1999;Scandura et al, 2008;Saito et al, 2011), but hybrid individuals may have increased litter sizes, aggression, and growth rates (Goedbloed et al, 2013b;Dzialuk et al, 2018). Areas of suspected hybridization between invasive pigs and wild boar populations should be continuously monitored to understand the extent of introgression of pig genes in the wild boar gene pool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust microsatellite markers for hybrid analysis between domesticated pigs and wild boar

Anderson

Negishi

Toma

et al. 2020

GenResJ

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Hybridization between wild boar (Sus scrofa) and their domestic relative, pigs, is a global issue and gene flow between these populations has been known to negatively impact biodiversity with increased aggression, litter sizes, and growth. However, establishing a cost-effective analysis for long-term monitoring of possible gene flow of wild pigs into wild boar populations is challenging due to common alleles at multiple loci and often it is difficult to distinguish boar specific lineages. Therefore, there is a need to select loci with lineage specific alleles for hybrid detection. To determine these loci, we calculated allele frequencies and measurements from successfully amplified loci with DNA extracted from domestic pigs and wild boar populations from the period prior to, and after, the evacuations and disasters in Fukushima, Japan, in 2011, which resulted in an uncontrolled release of domestic pigs. Thirty-two loci showed pig putative alleles suggesting these selected loci can be useful genetic markers. Seventeen loci successfully distinguished pig and wild boar hybridization in Fukushima populations. Identified loci from this study provide a cost-efficient tool for genetic analysis and will provide a wealth of information on how an uncontrolled release of domestic livestock from natural or disasters may impact their wild relatives.

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High domestic pig contribution to the local gene pool of free-living European wild boar: a case study in Poland

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Consequences of Hybridization in Mammals: A Systematic Review

Consequences of Hybridization in Mammals: A Systematic Review

Identification of Mammalian and Poultry Species in Food and Pet Food Samples Using 16S rDNA Metabarcoding

Robust microsatellite markers for hybrid analysis between domesticated pigs and wild boar

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