High‐Dose Human Milk Feedings Decrease Oxidative Stress in Premature Infant

Chen, Yimin; Fantuzzi, Giamila; Schoeny, Michael; Meier, Paula P.; Patel, Aloka L.

doi:10.1002/jpen.1178

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Taking together these characteristics, feeding with PIF2 rather than PIF1 would seem to result in a lower oxidative load for the preterm newborn, although the best choice is always human milk, irrespective of pasteurization. These data confirm those found by other authors by in vivo studies [40,41,42,43,44], who reported higher excretion of oxidised compounds in infants consuming infant formulas, with respect to human milk.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparison of Oxidative Status of Human Milk, Human Milk Fortifiers and Preterm Infant Formulas

Pozzo

Cirrincione

Russo

et al. 2019

Foods

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Preterm and low birth weight infants require specific nutrition to overcome the accumulated growth deficit, and to prevent morbidities related to postnatal growth failure. In order to guarantee an adequate nutrient-intake, mother’s own milk, when available, or donor human milk, are usually fortified with additional nutrients, in particular proteins. Fortification with processed ingredients may result in additional intake in oxidative compounds, deriving from extensive heat treatments, that are applied during processing. The aim of the present work was to compare the in vitro antioxidant activity and oxidative compound content conveyed by different preterm infant foods and fortifiers, namely raw and pasteurized human milk, two different preterm infant formulas, three bovine milk-based fortifiers and two experimental donkey milk-based fortifiers. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses revealed significant differences between the different products. The use of human milk minimizes the intake of dietary oxidative compound in comparison to infant formulas, irrespective of pasteurization or fortification, especially as far as malondialdehyde content is concerned. The addition of fortifiers to human milk increases its antioxidant capacity, and the choice of the protein source (hydrolysed vs. whole proteins) differently impacted the resulting total antioxidant capacity of the diet.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparison of Oxidative Status of Human Milk, Human Milk Fortifiers and Preterm Infant Formulas

Pozzo

Cirrincione

Russo

et al. 2019

Foods

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“…BM antioxidants are important, particularly in the context of prematurity, due to the susceptibility of these infants to oxidative stress. Urinary excretion of hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, a marker of DNA oxidative damage, is lower in BM fed infants compared to those fed with formula [29,30]. Similar results have been found measuring urinary F2-isoprostane [30] or MDA [31], stable biomarkers of oxidative damage to lipids.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Urinary excretion of hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, a marker of DNA oxidative damage, is lower in BM fed infants compared to those fed with formula [29,30]. Similar results have been found measuring urinary F2-isoprostane [30] or MDA [31], stable biomarkers of oxidative damage to lipids. Moreover, feeding with BM is associated with a lower incidence of a variety of oxidative-stress related illnesses in premature infants [14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Influence of Maternal Age and Gestational Age on Breast Milk Antioxidants During the First Month of Lactation

et al. 2020

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Breast milk (BM) is beneficial due to its content in a wide range of different antioxidants, particularly relevant for preterm infants, who are at higher risk of oxidative stress. We hypothesize that BM antioxidants are adapted to gestational age and are negatively influenced by maternal age. Fifty breastfeeding women from two hospitals (Madrid, Spain) provided BM samples at days 7, 14 and 28 of lactation to assess total antioxidant capacity (ABTS), thiol groups, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA + 4-Hydroxy-Trans-2-Nonenal, HNE), protein oxidation (carbonyl groups) (spectrophotometry) and melatonin (ELISA). Mixed random-effects linear regression models were used to study the influence of maternal and gestational ages on BM antioxidants, adjusted by days of lactation. Regression models evidenced a negative association between maternal age and BM melatonin levels (β = −7.4 ± 2.5; p-value = 0.005); and a negative association between gestational age and BM total antioxidant capacity (β = −0.008 ± 0.003; p-value = 0.006), SOD activity (β = −0.002 ± 0.001; p-value = 0.043) and protein oxidation (β = −0.22 ± 0.07; p-value = 0.001). In conclusion, BM antioxidants are adapted to gestational age providing higher levels to infants with lower degree of maturation; maternal ageing has a negative influence on melatonin, a key antioxidant hormone.

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“…The breast milk has the status of a gold standard food and it is recommended by the scientific community (AAP, ESPGHAN) and not only (WHO/ UNICEF) as the first choice for premature infants. This is linked to the numerous benefits of feeding with breast milk, starting from the reduced risk of NEC, sepsis, other comorbidities [18–35] (ROP, BPD), a better enteral tolerance with a faster achievement of the full diet [33], as well as positive effects on neurocognitive and behavioral development, long-term visual acuity, and a reduction of the risk of metabolic and degenerative diseases during the adolescence and the adulthood [9–16]. All this is attributable to the countless biocomponents present in the breast milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, the scientific societies and the organizations that deal with health, indicate the mother's milk as the first choice; otherwise, whether the mother's milk was not available, one should refer to the donated milk. Although the evidences on the protective effect of the donated milk on the pathologies related to the premature birth are not so overwhelming, the only clearly demonstrated evidence is on the NEC, the data available, and the experience of the centers that dispose milk banks evoking the conservation of the majority of the beneficial effects of human milk [27–35], within the framework of the treatment methods of the human milk. Furthermore, the presence in NICU of a HMB acts as a facilitator for the nursing of term and preterm infants [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Might the Mothers of Premature Babies Feed Them and Devote Some Milk to the Milk Bank?

Quitadamo

Palumbo

Cianti

et al. 2018

International Journal of Pediatrics

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The breast milk is the gold standard food for the feeding of the premature baby: it is the natural way to provide excellent nutritional, immunological, and biological nutriment so as to facilitate a healthy growth and the development of the infants. When the breast milk is not available, the alternative is represented by the donated milk. The mothers of premature infants are important opportunity if we consider the fact that they could devote some milk both because they provide a food which is closer to the needs of the vulnerable category of newborns and because it is, for the mothers, a way to overcome the detachment and the psychological trauma of a premature birth. There are no data on this kind of donation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the contribution of the milk donation to the HMB of CSS by women who gave birth to premature infants of gestational age <35 weeks and to analyze the macronutrient composition of the “preterm” donated milk. The CSS HMB has recruited 659 donors totalling 2236 liters of donated milk over a period of 7 years. 38 donors (5.7%) gave birth to a gestational age <35 weeks. Almost 20% of the donated milk comes from mothers of premature babies and this is a very important fact because it shows the huge potential belonging to this category of mothers. Taking into account the parameter regarding the birth weight, it was found that VLBW mothers contributed for 56% to preterm donation while ELBW mothers contributed for 41%. By evaluating the variable gestational age, about 40% of the average total donation derives from mothers who gave birth before the 25 weeks, while a contribution of 46% is attributable to the category of newborns with a GA between 25 and 32 weeks. Besides, some other exceptional examples can be outlined. Regarding the correlation analysis DM resulted in negative correlation with GA weeks (r=-0.31, p=0.058) and with BW g (r=-0.30, p=0.068) achieving values which are very close to the significance. The comparison between the donor volume averages of the preterm and full-term groups is statistically significant. The composition data are in line with the literature: there is an increase by 18 % in the protein component of the milk deriving from the mothers of the premature infants; the gap in carbohydrates is less significant (5-6%) and the gap in calories is similarly low being only 2% higher than the single donor milk and 11% more than the pooled milk. The data on the lipids line up to single donor term milk, while it grows by 24% compared to the pooled one. The study shows that even at very low or extreme gestational age it is possible to obtain an appropriate production of breast milk. This awareness becomes a fundamental starting point for the activation in a standardized way of all the strategies of promotion and support of food that have proven effective with the HM in NICU.

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High‐Dose Human Milk Feedings Decrease Oxidative Stress in Premature Infant

Abstract: Our results demonstrate that predominantly HM feedings were associated with decreased oxidative stress, whereas PF feedings increased oxidative stress in premature infants, even after controlling for perinatal oxidant exposures of HMF or PF introduction.

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Comparison of Oxidative Status of Human Milk, Human Milk Fortifiers and Preterm Infant Formulas

Comparison of Oxidative Status of Human Milk, Human Milk Fortifiers and Preterm Infant Formulas

Influence of Maternal Age and Gestational Age on Breast Milk Antioxidants During the First Month of Lactation

Might the Mothers of Premature Babies Feed Them and Devote Some Milk to the Milk Bank?

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