High-efficiency liquid-crystal optical phased-array beam steering

Resler, Dan; Hobbs, Douglas S.; Sharp, R.C.; Friedman, Larry J.; Dorschner, T. A.

doi:10.1364/ol.21.000689

Cited by 228 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This property allows us to modify the electrostatic potential at the top of the substrate according to the importance of electrical isolation from the conductive wafer. Local change of the substrate electrical conductivity has also been reported on GaAs by electron-beam activation [13] or Si-ion implantation in non-intentionally-doped GaAs [14]. However, to our knowledge, ion-implantation for patterning a LC cell electrode, whose resistivity can be adjusted, has not been used on silicon substrate, yet.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and simulation of single-electrode liquid crystal phased arrays

Bellini

Geday

Bennis

et al. 2006

Opto-Electronics Review

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Liquid crystal (LC) phased arrays and gratings have been employed in optical switching and routing [1]. These diffractive optic elements are of great interest because they can be scaled up to a large number of elements and their optical properties can be electrically addressed with a low driving voltage. LC phase gratings have been achieved either by periodic addressing of pixels or by using periodically-modified structures. The latter approach leads to less reconfigurable devices but the addressing is simpler.In this paper we focus on optical phased arrays where the phase is varied either continuously or discretely and where the periodicity is induced by electrode configuration. We first describe a possible structure based on a conductive silicon wafer. We argue that this structure can induce either continuously or discretely varying arrays while applying single voltage to the array. In the second part we simulate the behaviour of such arrays. We base the simulation on a LC synthesized at the Military University of Technology, this high-birefringence nematic LC shows in a 4-μm thick cell a linear phase shift range of more than 360° between 1.2 V and 1.8 V. We calculate the distribution of the LC molecule director and assess the performance of the array with respect to the applied voltage. Finally, the relevance of such technology for switchable phased arrays is discussed.

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Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and simulation of single-electrode liquid crystal phased arrays

Bellini

Geday

Bennis

et al. 2006

Opto-Electronics Review

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“…Deflection of an incident beam for a small angle (it can be in milliradian range) leads to deflection of a diffracted beam for a predetermined arbitrary large angle. This phenomenon is the basis for high speed non-mechanical beam steering in high power laser systems [26] and in portable opto-electronic devices [27].…”

Section: Beam Deflectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume Bragg Gratings in PTR glass – New Optical Elements for Laser Design

Glebov

2008

Advanced Solid-State Photonics

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“…Multi-electrode designs typically consist of a large area common electrode on one substrate and a series of addressing electrodes on the other substrate. When the potential difference between neighboring addressing electrodes is small compared to the potential difference with the common electrode, a smooth transition of the orientation of the liquid crystal over the electrodes is usually obtained due to the viscoelastic interactions in the LC, provided the electrodes are sufficiently closely spaced [5]. However, in the region between two electrodes with a large potential difference, the effect of fringe fields can be pronounced [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroelectric thin films with liquid crystal for gradient index applications

Willekens¹,

George²,

Neyts³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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We report on the first ever combination of a thin film of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) with a liquid crystal (LC) layer. Many liquid crystal applications use a transparent conductive oxide to switch the liquid crystal. Our proposed processing does not, instead relying on the extremely high dielectric constant of the ferroelectric layer to extend the electric field from widely spaced electrodes over the liquid crystal. It eliminates almost entirely the fringe field problems that arise in nearly all the liquid crystal devices that use multiple addressing electrodes. We show, both via rigorous simulations as well as experiments, that the addition of a PZT layer over the addressing electrodes leads to a markedly improved LC switching performance at distances of up to 30 µm from the addressing electrodes with the current PZT-layer thickness of 0.84 µm. This improvement in switching is used to tune the focal length of the microlens with electrodes spaced at 30 µm.

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High-efficiency liquid-crystal optical phased-array beam steering

Abstract: Efficient, electrically tunable, agile, inertialess, near-diffraction-limited one-dimensional optical beam steering is demonstrated at the infrared wavelength of 10.6 microm with a liquid-crystal phased array.

Cited by 228 publications

References 8 publications

Design and simulation of single-electrode liquid crystal phased arrays

Design and simulation of single-electrode liquid crystal phased arrays

Volume Bragg Gratings in PTR glass – New Optical Elements for Laser Design

Ferroelectric thin films with liquid crystal for gradient index applications

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