High Efficiency Operation of Photovoltaic System with Differential Power Processing Based on Voltage Reference Model

Enhancing Economic Efficiency: Analyzing Transformer Life-Cycle Costs in Power Grids

“…Equation (9) states that the total load of all substations must be the same before and after optimization. Equation (10) means that the load on the transformer must not exceed its capacity.…”

“…In addition, a sensitivity analysis of the various factors involved in transformer life-cycle costing was performed. In [10], the authors model the whole-life input costs of power transformers and employ the life-cycle cost technique. In particular, changes in transformer condition with maintenance and changes in equivalent uniform annual costs (EUAC) curves with maintenance cost and effectiveness were investigated and trends in EUAC were analyzed, based on which sensitivity analyses subject to changes in other cost factors were carried out.…”

“…At the same time, this literature does not take into account the influence of some important parameters of the transformer on life-cycle cost, which does not guarantee that the results of the economic evaluation are accurate and reliable and may increase the cost and loss of personnel. In [5,[8][9][10], the authors do not use optimization algorithms but only use the method of data fitting to draw the curve of the transformer state change with life-cycle cost, and the results obtained cannot support the stable and efficient operation of large-scale transformers in the power system, which is not conducive to the formation of a solid and mature optimization system for the cost of transformers. In order to more comprehensively analyze the transformer life-cycle cost characteristics, and obtain more scientific optimization results, this paper will model the life-cycle cost of a transformer as follows: LCC = C 1 + C 2 + C 3 + C 4 + C 5 , and will be on the transformer under the different influencing factors of the change rule of the cost, the link between the four influencing factors and the proportion of the life-cycle cost analysis; at the same time, using in recent years the new whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to optimize the transformer LCC model, which has some guiding significance for the actual engineering transformer cost management decisions, management decision making has certain guiding significance.…”