High electrocatalytic activity of metal-free and non-doped hierarchical carbon nanowalls towards oxygen reduction reaction

Lehmann, Karsten; Yurchenko, Olena; Melke, Julia; Fischer, Anna; Urban, G.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.054

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Besides this, excellent electrical and mechanical properties of VGNs and their derivatives enabling their applicability in enormous fields, including supercapacitor, battery electrodes, power sources, field emitters, flexible electronics, gas sensors, and catalyst supporters [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature low-power PECVD synthesis of vertically aligned graphene

et al. 2020

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The need for 2D vertical graphene nanosheets (VGNs) is driven by its great potential in diverse energy, electronics, and sensor applications, wherein many cases a low-temperature synthesis is preferred due to requirements of the manufacturing process. Unfortunately, most of today's known methods, including plasma, require either relatively high temperatures or high plasma powers. Herein, we report on a controllable synthesis of VGNs at a pushed down lowtemperature boundary for synthesis, the low temperatures (450 o C) and low plasma powers (30 W) using capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) driven by radio-frequency power at 13.56 MHz. The strategies implemented also include unrevealing the role of Nickel (Ni) catalyst thin film on the substrates (Si/Al). It was found that the Ni catalyst on Si/Al initiates the nucleation/growth of VGNs at 450 °C in comparison to the substrates without Ni catalyst.With increasing temperature, the graphene nanosheets become bigger in size, well-structured and well separated. The role of Ni catalysts is hence to boost the growth rate, density, and quality of the growing VGNs. Furthermore, this CCP method can be used to synthesize VGNs at the lowest temperatures possible so far on a variety of substrates and provide new opportunities in the practical application of VGNs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature low-power PECVD synthesis of vertically aligned graphene

et al. 2020

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“…Their height is in the range of 1–2 µm, with a thickness in the order of several nanometers. Good thermal and electrical characteristics with a high mechanical stability of CNWs make them an attractive material for a wide range of applications, such as catalyst supporters for fuel cells [ 5 , 6 ], catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction [ 7 ], battery electrode materials [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], templates for fabrication of nanostructures [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], gas sensor materials [ 14 ], resistive switching memory devices [ 15 ], field emission devices [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], and superhydrophobic surfaces [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oriented Carbon Nanostructures by Plasma Processing: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

et al. 2018

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Carbon, one of the most abundant materials, is very attractive for many applications because it exists in a variety of forms based on dimensions, such as zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and-three dimensional (3D). Carbon nanowall (CNW) is a vertically-oriented 2D form of a graphene-like structure with open boundaries, sharp edges, nonstacking morphology, large interlayer spacing, and a huge surface area. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is widely used for the large-scale synthesis and functionalization of carbon nanowalls (CNWs) with different types of plasma activation. Plasma-enhanced techniques open up possibilities to improve the structure and morphology of CNWs by controlling the plasma discharge parameters. Plasma-assisted surface treatment on CNWs improves their stability against structural degradation and surface chemistry with enhanced electrical and chemical properties. These advantages broaden the applications of CNWs in electrochemical energy storage devices, catalysis, and electronic devices and sensing devices to extremely thin black body coatings. However, the controlled growth of CNWs for specific applications remains a challenge. In these aspects, this review discusses the growth of CNWs using different plasma activation, the influence of various plasma-discharge parameters, and plasma-assisted surface treatment techniques for tailoring the properties of CNWs. The challenges and possibilities of CNW-related research are also discussed.

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“…Pt-NPs (black dots) are homogeneously distributed across the entire porous carbon sheet (grey areas). The porosity of the support can be observed in the dark-field TEM micrograph ( Figure 2b) and has been reported to be beneficial in electrocatalysis, as it reduces mass transport limitations and increases the surface area [20]. A typical histogram of the Pt-NPs is shown in Figure 2c, displaying a narrow PSD with a geometric standard deviation [21] between 1.24 and 1.3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The porosity of the support can be observed in the dark-field TEM micrograph ( Fig. 2 ) and has been reported to be beneficial in electrocatalysis, as it reduces mass transport limitations and increases the surface area [ 20 ]. A typical histogram of the Pt-NPs is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

Tigges

Wöhrl

Radev

et al. 2020

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Cost-efficiency, durability, and reliability of catalysts, as well as their operational lifetime, are the main challenges in chemical energy conversion. Here, we present a novel, one-step approach for the synthesis of Pt/C hybrid material by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD). The platinum loading, degree of oxidation, and the very narrow particle size distribution are precisely adjusted in the Pt/C hybrid material due to the simultaneous deposition of platinum and carbon during the process. The as-synthesized Pt/C hybrid materials are promising electrocatalysts for use in fuel cell applications as they show significantly improved electrochemical long-term stability compared to the industrial standard HiSPEC 4000. The PE-CVD process is furthermore expected to be extendable to the general deposition of metal-containing carbon materials from other commercially available metal acetylacetonate precursors.

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High electrocatalytic activity of metal-free and non-doped hierarchical carbon nanowalls towards oxygen reduction reaction

Cited by 27 publications

References 66 publications

Low-temperature low-power PECVD synthesis of vertically aligned graphene

Low-temperature low-power PECVD synthesis of vertically aligned graphene

Oriented Carbon Nanostructures by Plasma Processing: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

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