High energy absorption of warp interlock fabrics: Application to high speed impact of fragments

Lefebvre, Marie; Boussu, François

doi:10.1051/dymat/2009061

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Besides, ballistic panels made of 3D woven fabrics revealed better molding ability and equivalent ballistic performance as compared to panels made from 2D plain weave fabric structures [41,42]. This makes the fabric a promising material to develop the frontal women's soft body armor panel by properly accommodating the upper torso shape and the bust [3,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development

et al. 2020

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This paper investigates the effects of warp yarns ratios on the ballistic performances of three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock p-aramid fabrics. Four 3D warp interlock variants with different binding and stuffer warp yarns ratios were designed and developed. Except for warp yarns ratios, similar fabric parameters and manufacturing conditions were considered. Two-dimensional (2D) woven fabric having similar material characteristics and recommended for female seamless soft body armor are also considered for comparisons. Five ballistic panels, one from 2D plain weave fabric and the rest four from the other 3D warp interlock variants were prepared in a non-angled layer alignment and non-stitched but bust-shaped molded form. The ballistic test is carried out according to NIJ (National Institute of Justice) standard-level IIIA. Back Face Signature (BFS) was then modeled and measured to compute both trauma and panels’ energy-absorbing capability. The result showed significant ballistic improvement in the 3D warp interlock variant with optimum warp yarns ratios over traditional 2D plain weave fabrics. 3D warp interlock fabric panel made with 66.6% binding and 33.3% stuffer warp yarn ratio revealed both lower BFS depth and higher energy absorbing capacity (%) than other panels made of 2D plain weave and 3D warp interlock fabric variants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development

et al. 2020

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“…In addition to 2D fabrics, 3D orthogonal fabrics, 3D fabrics with full/partial interlacing, and multi-axis 3D fabrics are also used in soft ballistic covers [9,10]. Three-dimensional fabrics (mainly 3D with warp blocking) show high efficiency in ballistic protection with high flexibility and low weight [11] compared to 2D woven structures [12]. However, the problem of 3D fabrics may be their production, due to their complex structure [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Soft Ballistic Packages with Embroidered Structures Fabricated by Using the Tailored Fiber Placement Technique

Gloger

Stempień

2022

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Textile ballistic shields are the basis of protection against bullets and fragments with low kinetic energy. They are usually made of para-aramid fabrics or unidirectional structure (UD) sheets of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The aim of the research presented in the article was to obtain ballistic packages made of embroidered structures and to compare their ballistic properties with those of woven structures in terms of deformation of the standardized ballistic substrate after impact with a 9 mm bullet at a velocity of 380 ± 3 m/s. Using the tailored fiber placement method, embroidered structures were fabricated by embroidering two sets of para-aramid threads at an angle of 90°. As the woven structures, the use of para-aramid fabric made of the same yarn and with a surface weight comparable to that of embroidered structures was adopted. Ballistic packages consisted of 26 layers in five variants, also taking into account the hybrid arrangement of woven and embroidered layers. Ballistic tests have shown that the best ballistic properties have hybrid packages made by folding 13 woven and then 13 embroidered layers, where the maximum deformation of the plasticine substrate is below 23 mm. The conducted research confirmed that embroidered structures in appropriate combination with woven structures can significantly improve the ballistic properties of textile packages.

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“…Even though the numerical and analytical studies are mostly limited to 2D woven fabrics, the study revealed that 3D textile structures have a higher resistance to multi-impacts with the easier and cheaper achievement of complex shape structures in comparison with the 2D fabrics [14]. 3D warp interlock structures also show a high performance in ballistic lightweight protection with good molding ability and display a better performance as compared to 2D structures [42,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Structural Parameters on the Deformational Behaviors of Multiply 3D Layer-by-Layer Angle-Interlock Para-Aramid Fabric for Fiber-Reinforcement Composite

et al. 2020

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Materials used in the technical application including composite reinforcements and ballistic fabrics should show not only good mechanical performance but also better deformational behaviors. Meanwhile, three dimensional (3D) warp interlock fabrics have been widely employed in such applications to substitute the two dimensional (2D) fabrics because of their enhanced through-the-thickness performance and excellent formability. The deformational behaviors of such 3D warp interlock fabrics have been also influenced by various internal and external parameters. To understand and fill this gap, the current paper investigates the effects of the warp yarn interchange ratios inside the fabric structure on the formability behaviors of dry 3D warp interlock p-aramid fabrics. Four 3D warp interlock architecture types made with different binding and stuffer warp yarn interchange ratios were designed and manufactured. An adapted hydraulic-driven stamping bench along with hemispherical punch was utilized for better forming behavior analysis such as in-plane shear angle and its recovery, material drawing-in and its recovery, deformational depth recovery, and required stamping forces. Based on the investigation of various formability behaviors, the formability of (3D) warp interlock fabrics were greatly influenced by the binding and stuffer warp yarns interchange ratio inside the 3D warp interlock structure. For example, preform 3D-8W-0S exhibited a maximum deformational height recovery percentage of 5.1%, whereas 3D-4W-8S recorded only 0.72%. Preform 3D-8W-4S and 3D-8W-8S revealed 1.45% and 4.35% recovery percentages toward the deformational height at maximum position. Besides, sample 3D-4S-8W revealed the maximum drawing-in recovery percentage of 43.13% and 46.98% in the machine and cross direction, respectively, around the preform peripheral edges. On the contrary, samples with higher binding warp yarns as 3D-8W-0S show the maximum drawing-in recovery percentages values of 31.21% and 34.99% in the machine and cross directions respectively.

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High energy absorption of warp interlock fabrics: Application to high speed impact of fragments

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development

Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development

Experimental Study of Soft Ballistic Packages with Embroidered Structures Fabricated by Using the Tailored Fiber Placement Technique

Effect of Structural Parameters on the Deformational Behaviors of Multiply 3D Layer-by-Layer Angle-Interlock Para-Aramid Fabric for Fiber-Reinforcement Composite

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