High energy density physics problems related to liquid jet lithium target for Super-FRS fast extraction scheme

Abstract

The new international facility for antiproton and ion research (FAIR), at Darmstadt, Germany, will accelerate beams of all stable isotopes from protons up to uranium with unprecedented intensities (of the order of 10 12 ions per spill). Planned future experiments include production of exotic nuclei by fragmentation/fission of projectile ions of different species with energies up to 1.5 GeV/u at the proposed super conducting fragment separator, Super-FRS. In such experiments, the production target must survive multiple irradiations over an extended period of time, which in case of such beam intensities is highly questionable. Previous work showed that with full intensity of the uranium beam, a solid graphite target will be destroyed after being irradiated once, unless the beam focal spot is made very large that will result in extremely poor transmission and resolution of the secondary isotopes. An alternative to a solid target could be a windowless liquid jet target. We have carried out three-dimensional numerical simulations to study the problem of target heating and propagation of pressure in a liquid Li target. These first calculations have shown that a liquid lithium target may survive the full uranium beam intensity for a reasonable size focal spot.

Three–dimensional simulations of a solid graphite target for high intensity fast extracted uranium beams for the Super–FRS

“…It is therefore concluded that one can use a solid graphite target for the fast extracted heavy ion beams at the Super -FRS target and it may not be necessary to develop a liquid jet target (Tahir et al, 2007e). PIRIZ, A.R., TAHIR, N.A., LOPEZ CELA, J.J., CORTAZAR, O.D Solid graphite target for high intensity fast extracted uranium beams for the Super-FRS 17…”

Equations of State and the ellipsometry diagnostics

“…The equation of state (EOS) describes a physical system by the relation between its thermodynamic quantities, such as pressure, energy, density, entropy, specific heat, etc., and is related to both fundamental physics and the applied sciences (Lomonosov, 2007;Tahir et al, 2007aTahir et al, , 2007bTahir et al, , 2007cTahir et al, , 2008aTahir et al, , 2008bLebo et al, 2008). Local thermodynamic equilibrium of nature can be described by a wide range of EOS pressure, density, and temperatures.…”