High-energy-density-science capabilities at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

Abstract

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will employ the World's highest intensity relativistic beams of heavy nuclei to uniquely create and investigate macroscopic (millimeter-sized) quantities of highly energetic and dense states of matter. Four principal themes of research have been identified: properties of materials driven to extreme conditions of pressure and temperature, shocked matter and material equation of state, basic properties of strongly coupled plasma and warm dense matter, and nuclear photonics with a focus on the excitation of nuclear processes in plasmas, laser-driven particle acceleration, and neutron production. The research program, principally driven by an international collaboration of scientists, called the HED@FAIR collaboration, will evolve over the next decade as the FAIR project completes and experimental capabilities develop. The first programmatic research element, called “FAIR Phase 0, officially began in 2018 to test components, detectors, and experimental techniques. Phase-0 research employs the existing and enhanced infrastructure of the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) heavy-ion synchrotron coupled with the PHELIX high-energy, high-intensity laser. The “FAIR Day one” experimental program, presently scheduled to begin in 2025, commences the use of FAIR's heavy-ion synchrotron, coupled to new experimental and diagnostic infrastructure, to realize the envisaged high-energy-density-science research program.

Equation of state for iridium at high pressures

“…Equations of state (EOSs) of materials are required for hydrodynamic modeling of processes with high energy concentration [1][2][3]. Such processes take place, for example, during a high-speed collision of bodies [4][5][6], when a substance is exposed to intense laser radiation [7][8][9][10] or beams of high-energy particles [11][12][13], during an electric explosion of conductors [14][15][16][17]. The EOS essentially determines the correspondence of the results of numerical modeling to the physical characteristics of flows arising in the modeled process [2,18,19].…”

Direct-drive heavy ion beam inertial confinement fusion: a review, toward our future energy source

“…Besides HIF studies, research on high-energy density physics (HEDP) [91,92] has been explored based on HIB to investigate high temperature, high density and high pressure, which normally cannot be attained in nature on earth [12,24,[93][94][95][96][97][98][99]. In HIB-based HEDP, the target state of matter is in a temperature of about ~1 eV, a pressure of ~GPa or more and about solid density.…”

“…HEDP contributes widely from fundamental physics to applications to understand plasmas, materials at extreme states, space, nuclear physics and engineering, radiation matter interaction, etc. HEDP research topics include non-ideal equation of state (EOS), strongly coupled plasma, nonideal electrical and heat conduction [100,101], phase transitions at extreme states [96][97][98][99], radiation-rich plasmas and other fundamental phenomena in plasmas. HEDP is also closely relating to ICF.…”

Planetary physics research at the Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research using intense ion beams

“…These are the typical exotic conditions expected to exist in the planetary cores. It is to be noted that the HIHEX and the LAPLAS experimental schemes are the major part of the HED physics research program at FAIR, which is named HEDP@FAIR [59].…”