High-fat diet-induced obesity triggers alveolar bone loss and spontaneous periodontal disease in growing mice

Abstract

BackgroundThe relationship between high-fat food consumption and obesity is well-established. However, it is as yet unclear whether high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in childhood and adolescence determines age-related changes in jaw bone health. The aim of this study is to examine the age-related influence of HFD-induced obesity on mandibular bone architecture and the structure of the periodontium in growing mice.MethodsMale C57BL/6 J mice (6-weeks-old) were divided into two groups (n = 6 each): the control group received a control diet and the experimental group a HFD. After treatment for 4, 8, or 12 weeks, trabecular and cortical bone architecture was assessed using micro-computed tomography. The periodontium and alveolar bone structure were evaluated by histopathology.ResultsIn HFD mice, body weight, serum total cholesterol, and serum leptin levels were significantly higher than those in age-matched control mice (p < 0.05, all comparisons). Reductions in trabecular bone volume and in cortical bone growth (measured as the thickness and cross sectional area) in HFD mice were significant compared with the control mice after 4 weeks of treatment (p < 0.05, both comparisons). Significant decreases in cortical bone density in HFD-fed vs. age-matched control mice were determined after 12 weeks (p < 0.05). In the HFD mice, the periodontal ligament fibres were disrupted, having lost their orientation with respect to the bone surface, and constriction of the periodontal ligament space was inhibited.ConclusionsThese results suggest that HFD-induced obesity during growth not only triggers mandibular osteoporosis but also increases the risk of spontaneous periodontal disease.

Collaborative Cross Mouse Population for Studying Alveolar Bone Changes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Comorbidity After High‐Fat Diet Consumption

“…This is related to the fact that most studies that evaluated etiopathogenic processes of periodontal diseases in rodents used different disease induction models, 31 which may be, in some cases, more extreme than the natural occurrence of periodontitis. Therefore, these experimental models have recently been criticized and investigated, especially by taking into consideration the possibility of observing periodontal breakdown without any “external” challenge 3 , 4 . The present results indicate that some CC lines showed a significant “spontaneous” bone loss in response to an HFD consumption despite the absence of classic periodontal disease induction such as ligatures, bacteria, etc.…”

“…Periodontitis is considered to be one of the most common inflammatory diseases in humans, resulting in destruction of tooth‐supporting tissues and irreversible alveolar bone loss (ABL) and leading, in some cases, to tooth loss 1 . Today, it is evident that susceptibility to periodontitis is attributed to interplay of both host genetic background 2 and environmental factors, including lifestyle, obesity, and high‐fat diet (HFD) 3 , 4 . Type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2DM) is a complex metabolic disease that is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin resistance.…”

Weighing as a stand-alone intervention does not reduce excessive gestational weight gain compared to routine antenatal care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

“…The visits additionally provide a window of opportunity for potential behaviour change and lifestyle modification [19, 20]. A recent pilot study evaluating the feasibility of regular weighing in the context of routine antenatal care reported that weighing took on average 1–2 min of a midwife’s time, was simple to do, and did not significantly add to midwives existing workloads [21]. A qualitative analysis of pregnant women’s experience of routine weighing reported that weighing during antenatal appointments was an acceptable intervention that when introduced did not cause distress or anxiety [22].…”

Association of Serum Triglyceride Level and Gemfibrozil Consumption With Periodontal Status

“…In the present study, PI, which represents participants’ plaque control and quality of oral hygiene, showed no significant difference among the three study groups. Also, BMI, which is an objective index that is likely related to inflammation and periodontal status, 15 , 37 showed no significant difference among groups. Therefore, lack of significant differences in these confounding variables (PI and BMI) is a strength of the present study and enabled more precise evaluation of the effect of hypertriglyceridemia and gemfibrozil intake on periodontal parameters.…”

“…By creating reactive oxygen species in the process of neutrophil activity, ionic balance is disrupted and periodontal tissue is damaged by production of free oxygen radicals such as OH and H 2 O 2 , leading to development of periodontal disease 12 , 32 . Factors capable of eliminating these free radicals or inhibiting their production can prevent the development or progression of periodontal disease 33–37 . Gemfibrozil belongs to a group of drugs known as “fibrates.” Fibrates enhance oxidation of fatty acids in the liver and muscles and decrease the rate of hepatic lipogenesis; 9 also, they increase production of apoA‐I and apoA‐II in the liver, which may contribute to an increase in plasma level of HDL 38 .…”